diplomsko delo
Anja Sekirnik (Author), Vita Jagrič (Mentor)

Abstract

Pokojnine predstavljajo glavni vir dohodka v Sloveniji ter so dostopne večini prebivalcev, pravica do pokojnine je določena v ustavi. V Sloveniji je leta 2020 pokojnino prejemalo 96,4 % prebivalcev, starejših od 65 let in 99,1 % starejših od 75 let (SURS, 2021). Pomembna značilnost pokojnine je, da gre za pravico dolgotrajne narave, ki pretežnemu delu upravičencev zagotavlja edini vir dohodka za preživljanje v starosti (Bubnov Škoberne in Strban, 2010: 213). Za Slovenijo je pomembno, da bi zaradi zagotavljanja dolgoročne finančne vzdržnosti pokojninskega sistema čim prej začeli izvajati celovitejšo pokojninsko reformo. Projekcije izdatkov za pokojnine kažejo dolgoročno nevzdržnost veljavnih politik, tako povečanje izdatkov pa bi precej spremenilo obstoječa družbena razmerja. K rasti izdatkov za pokojnine pomembno prispevata razmeroma pozno vstopanje na trg dela in zgodnje upokojevanje. Slovenija je tudi med redkimi državami EU, v katerih zakonska upokojitvena starost tudi v prihodnosti ostaja enaka, kot je zdaj (UMAR, avgust 2021). Pokojninski sistemi v EU in tudi v svetu se vse bolj prilagajajo demografskim dejavnikom. V večini držav so se ukrepi, ki naj bi zajezili vpliv demografskih sprememb na pokojnine in povečali vzdržnost sistemov, nanašali na dvig upokojitvene starosti oziroma njihovo prilagoditev pričakovanemu trajanju življenja, zaostrovanje pogojev za upravičenost do pokojnine, spremembo pokojninskih shem (iz sheme z določenimi pravicami na sheme z določenimi prispevki) in povečan poudarek na individualizaciji pokojnin oziroma dodatnem varčevanju (Spasova in Ward, 2019: 117; UMAR, 2019b: 45–48) ter povečanju odgovornosti posameznikov za finančno varnost v starosti, za kar pa bi bile v Sloveniji potrebne nove sistemske spodbude (UMAR, avgust 2021).

Keywords

pokojninski sistemi;vzdržnost;Evropska unija;Slovenija;primerjava;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UM EPF - Faculty of Economics and Business
Publisher: A. Sekirnik
UDC: 368.914
COBISS: 121060867 Link will open in a new window
Views: 13
Downloads: 2
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Challenges to the sustainability of pension systems in EU countries
Secondary abstract: Pensions are the main source of income in Slovenia and are accessible to the majority of the population. The right to a pension is enshrined in the Constitution. In Slovenia, 96. 4% of the population aged 65 and over and 99. 1% of the population aged 75 and over received a pension in 2020 (SURS, 2021). An important characteristic of a pension is that it is a long-term entitlement that provides the only source of income for the majority of beneficiaries to support themselves in old age (Bubnov Škoberne and Strban, 2010: 213). It is important for Slovenia to implement a more comprehensive pension reform as soon as possible to ensure the long-term financial sustainability of the pension system. Projections of pension expenditure show that current policies are unsustainable in the long term, and such an increase in expenditure would significantly alter existing social relations. Relatively late labour market entry and early retirement are important contributors to the growth in pension expenditure. Slovenia is also one of the few EU countries where the legal retirement age will remain the same in the future as it is now (UMAR, August 2021). Pension systems in the EU and worldwide are increasingly adapting to demographic factors. In most countries, measures to curb the impact of demographic change on pensions and increase the sustainability of systems have included raising retirement ages or adjusting them to life expectancy, tightening eligibility conditions for pensions, changing pension schemes (from defined benefit to defined contribution), and increasing the emphasis on individualisation of pensions or additional savings (Spasova and Ward, 2019: 117; UMAR, 2019b: 45-48) and increasing individuals' responsibility for financial security in old age, which would require new systemic incentives in Slovenia (UMAR, August 2021).
Secondary keywords: pension system;European Union;Slovenia;sustainability of pension systems;comparison;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fak.
Pages: II, 37 str.
ID: 16027256