Funkcionalna sestava vegetacije gozdnatih travnikov v krajinskem parku Šturmovci

magistrsko delo

Ana Šram (Author), Nataša Pipenbaher (Mentor), Sonja Škornik (Co-mentor)

Abstract

V okviru magistrske naloge smo proučevali funkcionalno sestavo (=prisotnost različnih funkcionalnih tipov rastlin) vegetacije zeliščnega sloja gozdnatih travnikov v Krajinskem parku Šturmovci s poudarkom na odvisnosti funkcionalne sestave od abiotskih dejavnikov (jakosti svetlobe, temperature in vlage). Zaradi prisotnosti dreves predstavljajo gozdnati travniki heterogen habitat z razlikami v okoljskih dejavnikih, ki je zelo primeren za razlago mehanizmov sobivanja vrst. Popisali in ocenili smo pokrovnost (metoda po Braun-Blanquetu, 1964) za 65 rastlinskih vrst na 36 popisnih ploskvah v velikosti 0,5 m x 0,5 m. Ploskve smo določili znotraj 4 transektov dolžine 12 m in 9 naključno izbranih popisnih ploskev. Transekti so potekali od drevesa hrasta doba (Quercus robur) v smereh sever, jug, vzhod in zahod. Hkrati smo izmerili tudi jakost svetlobe, temperaturo zraka tik nad tlemi in vlago v tleh. Aparature smo postavili vzdolž vsakega izmed štirih transektov na točke 0 m, 6 m in 12 m oddaljenosti od drevesa. Točka na 0 m je bila postavljena v senci, točka na 6 m v polsenci in točka na 12 m na soncu. Popisanim rastlinskim vrstam smo določili prednostni habitat in izbrane morfološko-funkcionalne poteze (MFP): življenjska oblika, življenjski cikel, višina rastline, specifična listna površina-SLA, vsebnost suhe snovi lista-LDMC, CSR strategija, začetek cvetenja, dolžina cvetenja, listna obstojnost in oblika klonalnosti. Podatke smo statistično obdelali s CWM analizo (community-weighted mean value of trait) ter multivariatnimi analizami (principal component analysis-PCA in redudancy analysis-RDA). Ugotovili smo značilne razlike med MFP rastlin v manj in bolj sončnih mikrohabitatih gozdnatega travnika: v senci so prevladovale vrste s kompetitorskimi MFP (višja rast, krajše in kasnejše cvetenje), na soncu pa je bilo prisotnih več vrst s stres toleratorskimi lastnostmi (zgodaj cvetoče vrste, večinoma trajnice z višjimi vrednostmi LDMC). Ugotovili smo tudi značilno povezanost oblik klonalnosti rastlin z osončenostjo ploskev. Rezultati raziskave so potrdili pozitiven vpliv raznolikosti okoljskih dejavnikov (npr. razlike v osvetljenosti) v mikrohabitatih gozdnatih travnikov na pestrost funkcionalnih tipov rastlin. Raziskave kot je naša, lahko pomembno pripomorejo k razumevanju glavnih dejavnikov ohranjanja raznolikosti vrst v teh polnaravnih ekosistemih z visoko naravovarstveno vrednostjo in pri oblikovanju smernic za varovanje teh habitatov.

Keywords

magistrska dela;heterogenost habitata na manjšem območju;ekstenzivni travniki;funkcionalna pestrost;morfološko funkcionalne poteze;gozdnati travniki;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2022
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UM FNM - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics
Publisher:	[A. Šram]
UDC:	63017:63011(497.4Šturmovci)(043.2)
COBISS:	123188739
Views:	9
Downloads:	1
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
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Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Functional composition of wooded meadows in the Šturmovci Landscape Park
Secondary abstract:	Within the framework of the Master's thesis, we studied the functional composition (= presence of various functional plant types) of the vegetation of the herb layer of wooded meadows in the Šturmovci Landscape Park, focusing on the dependence of the functional composition on abiotic factors (light intensity, temperature and humidity). Due to the presence of trees, wooded meadows represent a heterogeneous habitat with different environmental factors, which is well suited for explaining the mechanisms of species coexistence. We recorded and estimated the cover (using the Braun-Blanquet method, 1964) for 65 plant species in 36 plots of 0.5 m x 0.5 m in size. Plots were determined within four transects 12 m in length and nine randomly selected plots. Transects were established from the common oak (Quercus robur) to the north, south, east and west. At the same time, we measured light intensity, air temperature just above ground, and soil moisture as well. The instruments were placed alongside each of the four transects at points 0 m, 6 m and 12 m from the tree. The point at 0 m was in the shade, the point at 6 m was in partial shade and the point at 12 m was in the sun. For the selected plant species, we determined a priority habitat and plant functional traits (PFTs): life form, life cycle, plant height, specific leaf area - SLA, leaf dry matter content - LDMC, CSR strategy, flower initiation, flowering duration, leaf resistance and form of clonality. Data were statistically processed using CWM analysis (community weighted mean of the trait) and multivariate analyses (principal component analysis - PCA and redundancy analysis - RDA). We found typical differences between plant PFTs in less and more sunny microhabitats of wooded meadows: in the shade, competitive PFTs predominated (higher growth, shorter and later flowering), while in the sun, several species with stress-tolerant traits were present (early flowering species, mostly perennials with higher LDMC values). We also found a characteristic relationship between the clonal forms of the plants and the sun exposure in the plot. The results of the study confirm the positive influence of the diversity of environmental factors (e.g., differences in light conditions) in microhabitats of wooded meadows on the diversity of plant functional types. Research, such as ours, makes an important contribution to understanding the most important factors in maintaining biodiversity in these semi-natural ecosystems with high nature conservation value and aid in developing guidelines for protecting these habitats.
Secondary keywords:	master theses;small-scale heterogeneity;extensive grasslands;functional diversity;plant functional traits;wooded meadows;Gozdovi;Travniki;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za naravoslovje in matematiko, Oddelek za biologijo
Pages:	XIII, 54 str.
ID:	16323981