diplomsko delo
Jerica Korpnik (Author), Romana Marinšek-Logar (Mentor)

Abstract

Volna in perutninsko perje sta zgrajena pretežno iz keratina in sta vse bolj pogosta odpadna materiala, ki pa imata zaradi težke razgradljivosti posredno negativen učinek na okolje. Kompostiranje je aeroben proces razgradnje organskih snovi, katerega produkte lahko koristimo za nadaljno uporabo. Pri procesu kompostiranja sodelujejo različni mikroorganizmi (bakterije, aktinomicete, glive in praživali), ki s svojimi encimi cepijo vezi v makromolekulah in organsko snov mineralizirajo. Keratinske odpadke razgradijo keratinolitični mikroorganizmi z encimi keratinazami, postopek poteka dvostopenjsko, najprej se cepijo disulfidne vezi v stopnji sulfitolize. Nato je molekula dostopna za proteolizo, kjer razpade na manjše peptide in aminokisline. Številni keratinolitični mikroorganizmi so bili do sedaj izolirani in preučeni, kar je omogočilo nadaljne raziskave, kako izboljšati proces kompostiranja keratinolitičnih materialov in ga prenesti na industrijsko raven. Eden uspešnejših keratinolitičnih sevov je Streptomyces sp. SCUT-3, njegovo produktivnost je možno izboljšati z večjim dotokom zraka in s spremembami na genetskem nivoju. Tako pospešimo proces kompostiranja odpadne volne in perja, v kombinaciji z dodajanjem mešanih kultur keratinolitičnih mikroorganizmov in materiali za povečevanje prostornine, kot sta riževa ali pšenična slama.

Keywords

biotehnologija;kompostiranje;perutninsko perje;volna;keratinski odpadki;keratinolitični mikroorganizmi;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher: [J. Korpnik]
UDC: 606:628.473:637.62/.63(043.2)
COBISS: 125151491 Link will open in a new window
Views: 26
Downloads: 15
Average score: 0 (0 votes)
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Composting of waste sheep wool and poultry feathers
Secondary abstract: Wool and poultry feathers are mainly made of keratin. Their waste materials are increasing which due to their difficult degradability, have an indirect negative effect on the environment. Composting is an aerobic process of decomposition of organic materials, the products of which can be used for further use. Various microorganisms (bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and protozoa) participate in the composting process. They use their enzymes to cleave the bonds in macromolecules and mineralize the organic matter. Keratin waste is broken down by keratinolytic microorganisms with keratinase enzymes. The process takes place in two stages, first the disulfide bonds are split in the sulfitolysis stage. The molecule is then accessible for proteolysis, where it breaks down into smaller peptides and amino acids. Many keratinolytic microorganisms have been isolated and studied so far, which has enabled further research on how to improve the composting process of keratinolytic materials and transfer it to an industrial level. One of the more successful keratinolytic strains is Streptomyces sp. SCUT-3, whose productivity can be improved with more air flow and changes at the genetic level. With these methods we can accelerate the composting process of waste wool and feathers in combination with the addition of mixed cultures of keratinolytic microorganisms and different bulking agents, like rice or wheat straw.
Secondary keywords: biotechnology;composting;poultry feathers;wool;keratin waste;keratinolytic microorganisms;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Študij biotehnologije
Pages: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (VI, 20 f.))
ID: 16363389