diplomsko delo
Nik Tavčar (Author), Nejc Mekiš (Reviewer), Mojca Medič (Mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Ekspozicijski pogoji in pravilna izbira le teh, je zelo pomembna za kakovostno izvedbo ekspozicije. Ekspozicijski pogoji so napetost, anodni tok in ekspozicijski čas. V primeru, da se radiološki inženir odloči spremeniti ekspozicijske pogoje, mora vedeti, da bo le ta sprememba vplivala na kakovost slike in dozno obremenitev pacienta. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil predstaviti ekspozicijske pogoje v klinični praksi in primerjati le te z mednarodnimi priporočili. S pomočjo ankete sem skušal ugotoviti razlike med samimi ekspozicijskimi pogoji v različnih zdravstvenih ustanovah in primerjati ekspozicijske parametre z mednarodnimi priporočili. Metode dela: Izdelava diplomske naloge je zajemala deskriptivno in raziskovalno metodo. Deskriptivna metoda oziroma opisna metoda je zajemala preglede tuje in domače literature. Raziskovalna metoda pa je zajemala izdelavo anketnega vprašalnika, ki je temeljila na vprašanjih o ekspozicijskih pogojih, ki jih uporabljajo zdravstvene ustanove v praksi. Rezultati: Anketni vprašalnik je bil poslan 21 zdravstvenim ustanovam v Sloveniji. Le tega je izpolnilo je izpolnilo 10 zdravstvenih ustanov, kar pomeni 48 % vseh zdravstvenih ustanov. Pri slikanju glave v AP/PA, ustrezno velikost gorišča uporablja 56 % anketiranih zdravstvenih ustanov. Pri slikanju zgornjega uda zdravstvene ustanove upoštevajo priporočene vrednosti pospeševalne napetosti v 65 %. Mednarodna priporočila glede ustrezne uporabe pospeševalne napetosti se najmanj upoštevajo pri slikanju goleni AP in stransko. V mednarodnih priporočilih je navedeno, da se slikanje nadlahti AP in stransko izvaja z avtomatskim nadzorom ekspozicije. Torej, kar 30 % zdravstvenih ustanov pri tem rentgenskem slikanju uporablja elektronski nadzor ekspozicije. Razprava in zaključek: V osrednji Sloveniji, kjer uporabljajo nižje pospeševalne napetosti v primerjavi z drugima dvema regijama bo pri istem slikanju višja dozna obremenitev in boljša kontrastna ločljivost rentgenograma. Več kot polovica zdravstvenih ustanov uporabljajo pospeševalne napetosti, ki so v skladu z mednarodnimi priporočili. Zdravstvene ustanove, ki ne upoštevajo mednarodnih priporočil napetosti, jih večina uporablja nižje vrednosti od mednarodnih priporočil. Zaradi uporabe nizkih energij je pri teh rentgenskih slikanjih prisotna boljša kontrastna ločljivost slike, a hkrati tudi večja dozna obremenitev pacienta. Pri pravilni izbire nadzora ekspozicije glede na mednarodna priporočila, večina zdravstvenih ustanov to priporočilo upošteva.

Keywords

diplomska dela;radiološka tehnologija;ekspozicijski pogoji;ekspozicija;kakovost slike;rentgenski fotoni;mednarodna priporočila;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [N. Tavčar]
UDC: 616-07
COBISS: 120400131 Link will open in a new window
Views: 23
Downloads: 6
Average score: 0 (0 votes)
Metadata: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Exposures in practice and European recommendations
Secondary abstract: Introduction: Exposure conditions and their proper selection are very important for the quality of exposure. Exposure conditions are voltage, anode current and exposure time. In case the radiological engineer decides to modify the exposure conditions, he needs to know, that this change will impact the image quality and dose load of the patient. Purpose: The purpose of the graduation thesis was to present the exposure conditions in clinical practice and compare them with international recommendations. With the help of a survey, I tried to identify the differences between exposure conditions in different health care institutions and compare the exposure parameters with international recommendations. Methods: The graduation thesis was written using the descriptive and research method. The descriptive method consisted of the review of foreign and domestic literature. The research method consisted of the preparation of the survey questionnaire, which included questions about exposure conditions, used by health care institutions in practice. Results: The survey questionnaire was sent to 21 health care institutions in Slovenia. It was completed by 10 health care institutions, which represent 48% of all health care institutions. In case of head imaging in AP/PA, appropriate focal size is used by 56% of the questioned health care institutions. In case of upper limb imaging, health care institutions follow the recommended values of acceleration voltages in 65%. International recommendations regarding proper usage of acceleration voltages are the least followed in AP and side imaging of the shin. International recommendations state that AP and side imaging of the upper arm are performed with automatic exposure control. This means that 30 % of health care institutions use electronic exposure control for this type of x-ray imaging. Discussion and conclusion: In central Slovenia, where they use slower acceleration voltages compared to the other two regions, there will be greater dose load and better contrast resolution of the radiograph by performing the same imaging. More than half of health care institutions use acceleration voltages, which are in compliance with international recommendations. Health care institutions, which do not comply with international recommendations for voltage, mostly use lower values than recommended. Because of the use of lower energies, this x-ray imaging shows better contrast quality of the image and higher dose load of the patients. In the appropriate selection of exposure duration control according to international recommendations, the majority of health care institutions complies with this recommendation.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;radiologic technology;exposure conditions;exposure;image quality;x-ray photons;international recommendations;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za radiološko tehnologijo
Pages: 36 str., [2] str. pril.
ID: 16363398