diplomsko delo
Iza Lebar (Author), Lea Demšar (Reviewer), Tomaž Požrl (Mentor)

Abstract

V sodobni družbi je pakiranje sestavni del tehnološkega procesa proizvodnje živil. Naraščajoča količina odpadne embalaže predstavlja resen okoljski problem, zato obstaja velik interes za nadomeščanje klasičnih plastičnih materialov z biološko razgradljivimi, ki se zaradi delovanja mikroorganizmov bistveno hitreje biokemijsko transformirajo do osnovnih gradnikov, kot sta voda in ogljikov dioksid. Hitrost razgradnje je odvisna od različnih dejavnikov, kot so vrsta materiala, okoljski dejavniki (temperatura, vlaga), aktivnost mikroorganizmov in drugo. Večina biorazgradljivih materialov je proizvedena iz obnovljivih virov, ki so lahko dostopni. To so naravni polimeri (škrobi, celuloza, hitin in hitozan, različne živalske in rastlinske beljakovine), polimeri, ki so proizvedeni s polimerizacijo naravnih spojin, kot je mlečna kislina (polimlečna kislina – PLA), in iz polimerov, ki jih proizvajajo mikroorganizmi (polihidroksialkanoati - PHA). Nekatere lastnosti biorazgradljivih materialov so pozitivne (možnost oblikovanja, prosojnost, možnost kombiniranja), druge pa negativne (krhkost, slabše barierne lastnosti, občutljivost na vlago, visoka cena), kar še vedno omejuje večjo uporabo takih materialov v praksi. Intenzivno raziskovanje pa je že obrodilo sadove, saj so različne tehnološke rešitve omogočile izrazito izboljšanje mnogih lastnosti, kar bo v prihodnosti najverjetneje vplivalo na povečanje deleža biorazgradljivih materialov pri pakiranju živil.

Keywords

pakiranje živil;embalaža;materiali;biorazgradljivost;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher: [I. Lebar]
UDC: 621.798:664:502.174.2
COBISS: 121705475 Link will open in a new window
Views: 9
Downloads: 7
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Biodegradable packaging materials in food industry
Secondary abstract: In modern society, packaging is an integral part of the technological process of food production. The growing amount of packaging waste is a serious environmental problem, which is why there is a great interest in replacing classic plastics with biodegradable materials, which are biochemically converted much faster into basic building blocks such as water and carbon dioxide by the action of microorganisms. The rate of degradation depends on various factors, such as the type of material, environmental factors (temperature, humidity), the activity of microorganisms, and others. Most biodegradable materials are made from renewable resources that are readily available. These are natural polymers (starch, cellulose, chitin and chitosan, various animal and plant proteins), polymers produced by polymerization of natural compounds such as lactic acid (polylactic acid - PLA), and polymers produced by microorganisms (polyhydroxyalkanoates - PHA). Some properties of biodegradable materials are positive (design possibilities, transparency, combinability), while others are negative (fragility, poorer barrier properties, moisture sensitivity, high price), which still limits the increased use of such materials in practice. Intensive research has already borne fruit, as various technological solutions have made it possible to significantly improve many properties, which will most likely contribute to increase the share of biodegradable materials in food packaging in the future.
Secondary keywords: food packaging;packaging materials;biodegradability;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Oddelek za živilstvo
Pages: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (V, 25 str.))
ID: 16469460