Vid Žepič (Author)

Abstract

Čeprav so se rimski in srednjeveški juristi soočali z izbruhi kužnih bolezni, bi v njihovih delih zaman iskali pravila, ki bi civilno pravo prilagajala epidemičnim razmeram. Šele italijanska jurista Ripa in Previdelli sta v 16. stoletju sistematizirala »kužne privilegije« (privilegia pestis) v pogodbenem, dednem in postopkovnem pravu. K omilitvam splošno veljavnih pravil občega prava sta ob upoštevanju učenja, da je izbruh kuge Božja kazen, ki je naložena grešnemu ljudstvu, pristopala zadržano. Njuna ustvarjalna pravna argumentacija je odločilno zaznamovala poznejšo pravno doktrino, prek nje pa določbe evropskih civilnopravnih kodifikacij 18. in 19. stoletja. Občepravni nauk o kužnih privilegijih je v prispevku prikazan v luči določb Občega državljanskega zakonika.

Keywords

epidemija;kuga;recepcija rimskega prava;privilegiji;evropske civilne kodifikacije;civilno pravo;Obči državljanski zakonik;pravna zgodovina;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization: UL PF - Faculty of Law
UDC: 94(4):34:616-036.22
COBISS: 109007363 Link will open in a new window
ISSN: 1318-0185
Views: 62
Downloads: 23
Average score: 0 (0 votes)
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Other data

Secondary language: Italian
Secondary title: Privilegia pestis nella dottrina del diritto comune e nei codici del diritto civile europeo
Secondary abstract: Sebbene molti giuristi romani e medievali abbiano affrontato il tema dei focolai di malattie infettive, non vi è traccia nelle loro opere delle norme che regolavano il diritto civile adattato alle situazioni epidemiche. Soltanto nel XVI secolo due giuristi italiani del tempo, Ripa e Previdelli, avevano sistematizzato i “privilegi della peste” (privilegia pestis) nel diritto contrattuale, di successione e in quello processuale civile. Nel mitigare le regole generali del diritto comune, tenendo conto di come la dottrina prendeva in considerazione lo scoppio della peste come un giusto castigo divino per i peccati della popolazione, i due giuristi avevano trattato l’argomento in una maniera piuttosto riservata. Le loro argomentazioni giuridiche avevano influito in maniera decisiva sulla dottrina giuridica successiva e, attraverso essa, sulle disposizioni in merito alle codificazioni ottocentesche e novecentesche del diritto civile europeo. Nell’articolo i privilegia pestis vengono presentatati in particolare alla luce delle disposizioni del Codice civile generale austriaco.
Secondary keywords: epidemic;plague;reception of Roman law;privileges;European civil codifications;civil law;Austrian General Civil Code;
Type (COBISS): Article
Source comment: TITLE: The »plague privileges« in the legal doctrine of the ius commune and in the European civil codifications / SUMMARY: Despite the fact that many Roman jurists were faced with the outbreak of the devastating Antonine plague (169−194 AD) and that the major parts of the Justinian’s codification were redacted during the first outbreak of the plague in Constantinople (531), there is no direct mention of the possible effects of the epidemics on the civil law and procedure. It is therefore dubious why medieval legal scholars, although confronted by the persistent threat of the Black Death, hesitated to write on it. It was not until the 1520s that Italian jurists, Ripa and Previdelli, composed tractatus on the so-called plague privileges (privilegia pestis). The authors creatively discussed to what extent the legal practice could approach the urgent easing of the rather rigorous principles of the ius commune. Both Ripa and Previdelli focused themselves on the privileges affecting the contract law, wills, and the law of civil procedure. There are two conflicting conceptual views the jurists had to balance: firstly, the plague as perceived by Bartolus was a war of God against the wicked people. Therefore, jurists tended to grant many military privileges, to the people vexed by the plague. These relaxations of law however, had to be applied in a restrictive manner. The plague, as a just punishment for the sins could not bolster an imprudent grant of the privileges. The tractatus of Ripa and Previdelli remained an authoritative statement of communis opinio doctorum up to the codification era. Furthermore, they have influenced rather scarce provisions of modern European civil codifications. The paper focuses on the provisions of the Austrian General Civil Code (1811) concerning the legal regime during the epidemic outbreaks. The paper shows that the legal science of the early modern era, vexed by a constant threat of the epidemic outbreak, did not stay silent on the relaxations of legal rules in a highly discordant circumstance of the health emergency periods. / KEYWORDS: epidemic, plague, reception of Roman law, privileges, European civil codifications, civil law, Austrian General Civil Code
Pages: str. 1-22
Volume: ǂLetn. ǂ30
Issue: ǂšt. ǂ1
Chronology: 2022
DOI: 10.19233/AH.2022.01
ID: 16506307