Razlike med klasičnim pristopom k preiskovalnemu intervjuju in intervjuju z osumljencem s psihopatsko osebnostjo

diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa Varstvoslovje

Abstract

Preiskovalni intervju je pomemben del policijske preiskave, saj določene informacije, ki so pomembne za preiskovan primer, lahko posredujejo le žrtve, priče ali osumljenci. V zaključnem delu predstavljamo problematiko preiskovalnega intervjuja, ko ima osumljeni lastnosti psihopatske osebnostne motnje. Ker psihopati predstavljajo nekje od 15 % do 25 % prestopniške populacije, je velika verjetnost, da bodo preiskovalci v svoji karieri obravnavali primer s takim osumljencem. Ugotavljamo, da je osnovna konstrukcija za preiskovalni intervju s psihopatom britanski model PEACE. Ta temelji na objektivnem zbiranju informacij, vendar pomemben element tega modela predstavlja vzpostavitev iskrenega in enakovrednega odnosa z osumljencem. Zaradi značilnosti psihopatije, kot so egocentičnost, aroganca, pomanjkanje občutka krivde, sočutja in empatije, je zanašanje na osumljenčeva čustva in vzpostavljanje dobrega delovnega odnosa v tem primeru neučinkovita strategija. Nadvse pomembno je, da preiskovalci pojav psihopatije poznajo tako dobro, da ga uspejo prepoznati dovolj zgodaj v intervjuju, hkrati pa to vedenje uporabiti za izbiro prave strategije. Priprava na preiskovalni intervju zato lahko igra ključno vlogo pri zgodnji zaznavi te motnje. Značilnosti in podrobnosti kaznivega dejanja lahko vsebujejo informacije, ki ponazarjajo na lastnosti psihopatskega storilca, prav tako je mogoče nekatere lastnosti psihopatije zaznati tekom pogovora s policisti (čustvena otopelost, površinski šarm, neodgovornost, laganje). Na podlagi študije primera Christopherja Porca smo ugotovili, da je Reidova zasliševalska metoda, ki spodbuja manipulativni in zavajajoč pristop, neučinkovita in kontraproduktivna pri intervjuvanju psihopata. Policijska preiskava vključuje tudi poligrafsko testiranje, zato nas je zanimalo, ali se psihofizični odzivi psihopata, ob poskusu zavajanja poligrafa, razlikujejo od ostalih ljudi. Ker je beleženje psihofizičnih odzivov pogojeno z našimi čustvi, smo predpostavili, da lahko psihopati zaradi odsotnosti stresa in občutka krivde zavedejo poligrafski test, vendar se je izkazal za enako zanesljivega (87 %), kot je na splošno ocenjena zanesljivost poligrafa (76-88 %).

Keywords

forenzična psihologija;policijske preiskave;preiskovalni intervjuji;osumljenci;psihopatija;poligraf;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2022
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	[J. Leban]
UDC:	159.9:340.6(043.2)
COBISS:	125845507
Views:	5
Downloads:	0
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Differences between the classical approach to investigative interview and interview with a suspect with a psychopathic personality
Secondary abstract:	An investigative interview is an important part of police investigation because only victims, witnesses or suspect can provide certain information relevant to the case. In this work we present you the problem of the interview when the suspect has the characteristics of a psychopathic personality disorder. Since psychopaths represent somewhere between 15% and 25% of the delinquent population, there is high probability that investigators will handle a case involving such suspect in their career. We find that the basic construct for the investigative interview with the psychopath is the British PEACE model. This is based on objective information gathering, but an important element of this model is the establishment of a honest and equal relationship with the suspect. The characteristic of psychopathic personality disorder, such as egocentricity, arrogance, lack of guilt, compassion and empathy, make relying on the suspect's emotions and establishing a good working relationship an ineffective strategy in this case. It is crucial that investigators know the phenomenon of the psychopathy so well that they manage to identify it early enough in the interview and at the same time use this knowledge to choose the right strategy. Preparation for an investigative interview can therefore play a key role in the early detection of the disorder. The characteristics and details of the crime may contain information that is illustrative of the characteristic of psychopathic offender, and some of the characteristic of psychopathy may also be perceived in the course of a conversation with police officers (emotional numbness, superficial charm, lying, irresponsibility). Based on the case study of Christopher Porco, we found that Reid’s interrogation technique, which encourages a manipulative and deceptive approach, is ineffective and counterproductive when iterviewing a psychopath. Police investigations also involve polygraph testing, so we were interested in whether the psychophysical responses of psychopath attempting to deceive a polygrapher differ from other people. As the recording of psychophysical responses is conducted by our emotions, we hypothesised that psychopaths may be misled by the polygraph test due to absence of stress and guilt, but it proved to be as reliable (87%) as the generally estimated reliability of the polygraph (76%-88%).
Secondary keywords:	Policijsko zasliševanje;Intervjuji;Kriminalci;Duševni bolniki;Sodna psihologija;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Pages:	VII f., 52 str.
ID:	16777768