doktorska disertacija
Matevž Malčič (Author), Alenka Krašovec (Mentor), Lars Johannsen (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Zgodnje 21. stoletje je doživelo vrnitev avtokratizacije v naprednih industrijskih demokracijah Evrope in Severne Amerike. Gre za več kot samo izguba kvalitete demokracije, v nevarnosti so namreč inštitucije liberalne demokracije, horizontalna odgovornost in sodne omejitve izvršilne oblasti. Ta oblika avtokratizacije, dodatne pristojnosti izvršilne veje oblasti, je rezultat postopnega in prek volitev uresničenega procesa. Povzročajo ga štiri medsebojno povezani izzivi: stranke, ki nasprotujejo politični ustanovi, afektivna polarizacija, de-konsolidacija in neenakost. Pretekle študije so pokazale individualne negativne posledice le-teh na liberalno demokracijo, vendar še nobena študija ni vključila vseh štirih. V doktorski disertaciji proučujemo proučujemo njihov vpliv z mešanimi metodami. Za kvantitativni test vzročnosti uporabimo model fiksnega učinka z uporabo panelnih podatkov za EU-28 od leta 1990 do 2017. Naši rezultati potrdijo tako vpliv strank, ki nasprotujejo uveljavljenim političnim strankam na V-Dem-ov indeks liberalne demokracije, kakor tudi njegove komponente. Naši statistični modeli ne najdejo dokazov za individualni vpliv ostalih izzivov, ko nadziramo njihov vpliv. Za analizo, kako resnično poteka omenjena oblika avtokratizacije, uporabimo metodo sledenja procesov in uvedemo prvi predlog takšnega procesa. Testiramo ga na primerih Madžarske od 2010 do 2021 in Poljske od leta 2010 do 2021. Študiji primerov ponovno potrdita osrednjo vlogo strank, ki nasprotujejo uveljavljenim političnim strankam, ki pridobijo absolutno ali celo ustavno večino s pomočjo polarizacije in ustvarjanja izgleda kriznih razmer. S to večino in nadzorom nad personaliziranimi strankami lahko njihovi voditelji uresničijo svojo voljo. Svoj volilni uspeh lahko tudi ponovijo, saj so videni kot kompetentni voditelji, medtem ko razdeljena opozicija ni sposobna predstaviti združene fronte ali ponuditi privlačne alternativne. Na podlagi naših dognanj ponudimo tudi pouke, kako izboljšati raziskovanje avtokratizacije v demokracijah 21. stoletja.

Keywords

autocratisation;anti-political-establishment parties;affective polarisation;deconsolidation;inequality;EU;Hungary;Poland;

Data

Language: English
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization: UL FDV - Faculty of Social Sciences
Publisher: [M. Malčič]
UDC: 329:316.46.058.4(043.2)
COBISS: 129617667 Link will open in a new window
Views: 23
Downloads: 5
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Other data

Secondary language: Slovenian
Secondary title: Socio-cultural aspects of death and post-mortem organ donation behaviours
Secondary abstract: The early 21st century has seen the return of the spectre of autocratisation in the advanced industrial democracies of Europe and North America. Beyond just a loss of the quality of democracy, the very institutions of liberal democracy – with their horizontal accountability and judicial constraints on the executive – are in danger. The rising form of autocratisation, known as executive aggrandisement, is the result of a gradual and electoral-driven process. Its drivers are the four interconnected challenges of anti-political-establishment parties (APEp), affective polarisation, deconsolidation and inequality. Previous studies have addressed and found these drivers’ individual detrimental effects on liberal democracy, but they have never all been tested in a single model. We study their effects using a mixed-method approach. For quantitative causal testing, we use fixed-effects time-series cross-sectional data for the EU-28 from 1990 to 2017. We find that increased support for APEp decreases not only the overall Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) index of liberal democracy but also its subcomponents. Our models do not show the individual effect of the other challenges when all of them are controlled for. To examine how executive aggrandisement has taken place, we use process tracing and advance a first-of-its-kind process proposal. We test the proposal for the cases of Hungary and Poland from 2010 and 2015, respectively, to 2021. We confirm the central role of APEp, which use their control over personalised parties to enact their will after obtaining the necessary absolute or constitutional parliamentary majority because of polarisation and crisis performance. Having been seen as competent leaders, they can also repeat their successes in subsequent elections, while a divided opposition is unable to present a united front or offer an attractive alternative. Based on our discoveries, we present recommendations on how to improve the study of autocratisation in 21st-century democracies.
Secondary keywords: avtokratizacija;stranke;ki nasprotujejo politični ustanovi;afektivna polarizacija;de-konsolidacija;neenakost;EU;Madžarska;Poljska;Evropska unija;Politične stranke;Demokracija;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Type (COBISS): Doctoral dissertation
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Fak. za družbene vede
Pages: 249 str.
ID: 17070355