Polona Selič (Author), Maša Serec (Author), Davorina Petek (Author), Maja Rus-Makovec (Author)

Abstract

Problem: Študija odgovarja na vprašanje, katere osebnostne lastnosti izstopajopri vojakih, ki poročajo o slabšem bio-psiho-socialnem blagostanju, dosegajo višje vrednosti izgorevanja in so posledično manj učinkoviti pri deluin manj motivirani za delo. Občutenje lastnega zdravja je okvirno merilo za zdravstveno stanje posameznika, slaba samoocena zdravja pa je napovedni dejavnik povečane umrljivosti in večje potrebe po zdravstvenih storitvah. Uporabljena diagnostična strategija operacionalizira koncept zdravja, kje bio-psiho-socialno blagostanje, na eni strani ter prinaša možnost za nove ugotovitve o povezanosti stresa in izgorevanja, (samoocen) zdravja in organizacijskega ozračja na drugi strani. Metoda: Študija je potekala med letoma 2006 in 2008. Uporabili smo vprašalnik za samooceno zdravstvenega stanja, Eysenckove osebnostne lestvice, Folkman-Lazarusovo lestvico Načini spoprijemanja s stresom in lestvico izgorevanja Maslachove. Analizirali smo odgovore 390 pripadnikov Slovenske vojske, ki smo jih razdelili v skupino zdravih (SK1-Z), manj zdravih (po merilu bolniške odsotnosti zaradi bolezni; SK2-B) in skupino udeležencev njihovih misij. Ti izpolnjujejo vsa merila zdravja (na eni strani), so pa izpostavljeni posebnim delovnim obremenitvam (delo v tujini). Za obdelavo podatkov smo uporabili statistični paket SPSS (v 17.0, SPSS inc.): izvedli smo t-test, Mann-Whitneyev test, Kruskal-Wallisov test, faktorsko analizo (PC-analiza, rotacija Varimax, Kaiserjeva normalizacija) in korelacijske izračune. Rezultati: Rezultate razlagamo na osnovi predpostavke, da so udeleženci odgovarjali verodostojno, opozorimo pa tudi na možnost zanikanja in/ali odpora. Ključni dejavnik razlikovanja med skupinami je izgorelost, pri kateri najvišje vrednosti dosegajo vojaki na misijah, najnižje pa skupina zdravih vojakov (razosebljenje: ?2=21,756; p=0,000; delovna neučinkovitost: ?2=7,088; p=0,029; čustvena izčrpanost: ?2=6,316; p=0,043). Razlike med SK1-Z in SK2-B pojasnjujemo z osebnostnimi značilnostmi (zaprtost/odprtost mišljenja, nevrotičnost) in t.i. psihosomatskonaravnanostjo. Za udeležence misij so značilni cinizem, mačizem in nezaupanje. Izgorelost (cinizem, nizka delovna učinkovitost) je znak izčrpanega/okvarjenega bio-psiho-socialnega blagostanja, ki lahko vodi v absentizem ali zapustitev poklica/dela. Zaključek: Predlagamo spremembo oz. dopolnitev izbirnega postopka za sprejem v Slovensko vojsko s testom temeljnih osebnostnih lastnosti ter izločanje kandidatov, ki presegajo normirane vrednosti za nevrotičnost in psihotičnost, kar bi lahko zmanjšalo uporabo manj ustreznih strategij spoprijemanja s stresom, depresonalizacijo in čustveno izčrpanost ter povečalo delovno učinkovitost. Učenje veščin v medosebnih odnosih in prevzemanje varovalnih strategij (netekmovalne fizične dejavnosti, konjički) lahko ublaži delovanje nespremenljivih delovnih pogojevin zahtev. Potrebno usmerjenost na čustva ob siceršnji mačistični subkulturi bi bilo mogoče doseči s krepitvijo skupinske povezanosti in kakovosti odnosov v enotah, s čimer bi oblikovali socialno podporo znotraj kolektiva.

Keywords

temeljne osebnostne lastnosti;spoprijemanje s stresom;izgorelost;bio-psiho-socialno blagostanje;zdravje;veščine v medosebnih odnosih;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization: UP - University of Primorska
Publisher: Inštitut za varovanje zdravja Republike Slovenije
UDC: 616.89
COBISS: 1024258388 Link will open in a new window
ISSN: 0351-0026
Parent publication: Zdravstveno varstvo
Views: 3725
Downloads: 166
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Basic personality traits and coping strategies in relation to health and burnout among members of Slovenian Armed Forces
Secondary abstract: Problem: The study addresses basic personality traits with soldiers who reportlower bio-psycho-social-wellbeing and burnout and therefore perform poorer working effectiveness and motivation. Perception of one's health and physical well-being may be used as a measure of one's health condition and consequently a predictor of higher mortality and greater need for health services. Used diagnostic strategy conceptualizes health as a bio-psycho-social well-being and provides broader insight on interdependence among stress, burnout and organizational climate. Method: Self-rated health questionnaire, Eysenck's personality scales (EPQ-Revised), Folkman-Lazarus Ways of coping questionnaire and Maslach Burnout inventory were administered. Responses of 390 persons were analyzed. Participants were divided into three groups - healthy (SK1-Z), less healthy (by sick leave criteria, injuries were not included; SK2-B) and persons on missions abroad. Members of the third group meet all health criteria and are exposed to special working conditions, since serving abroad. Data was analyzed by statistical package SPSS (v 17.0, SPSS Inc.): performed were t-test, Mann-Whitney's test, Kruskal-Wallis' test, Factor analysis (PC-analysis, Kaiser's normalization) and correlation coefficients. Results: Interpretation is based upon presumption about veracity of responses; nevertheless the possibility of denial is mentioned. Assuming sincere responses, one distinctive key factor burnout is identified. The highest burnout scores have soldiers serving missions and the lowest healthy group (depersonalization: ?2=21,756; p=0,000; reduced personal accomplishment: ?2=7,088; p=0,029; emotional exhaustion: ?2=6,316; p=0,043). Differences between healthy and less healthy persons are explained by personality traits (such as psychosomatic prone personality, neuroticism and psychoticism). Persons serving missions abroad are cynical, macho and distrustful. Burnout (cynicism, lower personal accomplishment) is a symptom ofdestroyed bio-psycho-social well-being and may develop into absenteeism or quitting the job. Conclusion: A redefinition of selection process for admission in the Slovenian Armed Forces is proposed, to test the basic personality traits and release candidates who exceed values for neuroticism and psychoticism, which could reduce the use of less appropriate coping strategies, depersonalization and emotional fatigue and increase work efficiency. Learning interpersonal skills and using protective strategies (noncompetitive physical activities, hobbies) may reduce the functioning of non-changeable (stable) working conditions and requirements. Necessary emotions-focused coping within macho subculture could be achieved by strengthening group cohesion and quality of relationships, thereby creating social support within the collective.
Secondary keywords: basic personality traits;coping with stress;burnout;bio-psycho-social well-being;health;interpersonal skills;
URN: URN:NBN:SI
Type (COBISS): Not categorized
Pages: str. 61-75
Volume: ǂLetn. ǂ49
Issue: ǂšt. ǂ2
Chronology: 2010
DOI: 10.2478/v10152-010-0007-8
ID: 1730213