Izvedba prekrškovnega postopka na podlagi 1. odstavka 57. člena Zakona o prekrških (ZP-1)

diplomsko delo visokošolskega študijskega programa Varnost in policijsko delo

Gregor Bolko (Author), Bojan Tičar (Mentor)

Abstract

V diplomskem delu z naslovom Izvedba prekšrkovnega postopka na podlagi 1. odstavka 57. člena Zakona o prekrških, ki je splošni populaciji bolje poznan kot izdaja plačilnega naloga, se ukvarjamo s postopkom, ki temelji na osebni zaznavi prekrška oz. zaznavi s tehničnimi sredstvi. V tem primeru gre za zaznavo, ki je neizpodbitno resnična. Opisuje jo latinski rek »Negabit frustra medio prensus in crimine« oz. v slovenščini »Težko bo zanikal tisti, ki je bil zaloten pri kriminalnem dejanju«. Kljub dejstvu, da je prekršek zaznan s strani pooblaščene uradne osebe oz. s pomočjo tehničnih sredstev, se pri storilcih prekrškov pojavlja dilema, ali je zaznava uradne pooblaščene osebe objektivna ali subjektivna. Pričakovana odgovora na raziskovalni vprašanji, ki smo ju postavili, sta, da je slovenska prekrškovna zakonodaja zastavljena na način, da je postopek objektiven. Ta del smo skozi diplomsko delo potrdili in ugotovili, da je poznavanje področnih predpisov bistveno, da lahko kršitelja sankcioniramo. Ker pa so pooblaščene uradne osebe ljudje, obstajajo možnosti napak pri zaznavi prekrškov. Za take primere Zakon o prekrških (v nadaljevanju ZP-1) predpisuje pravna sredstva, s katerimi omogoča, da kršitelj napako organa dokazuje in izpodbija izdano odločbo, o kateri na prvi stopnji odloča prekrškovni organ, na drugi stopnji pa sodišče. III S preučitvijo zakonodaje, literature, mnenj strokovnjakov in pregledom sodne prakse s tega področja in uporabo različnih metod smo ugotovili, da je odločanje v prekrškovnih zadevah zahtevno in zelo odgovorno. Prekrškovni organi imajo zahtevno delo, da svoje odločitve natančno predstavijo in argumentirajo ter v področnih zakonih tudi pravilno implementirajo. Pri tem morajo biti zelo pozorni, da je kršitelj kaznovan upoštevajoč načelo zakonitosti, ki nalaga, da je mogoče prekršek sankcionirati le z zakonom in da je sankcijo za prekršek dopusto izreči samo za dejanje, ki je vnaprej določeno kot prekršek in je za tako dejanje določena tudi sankcija.

Keywords

Zakon o prekrških;Zakon o splošnem upravnem postopku;Kazenski zakonik;plačilni nalogi;prekrški;zaznavanje;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2022
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	[G. Bolko]
UDC:	343.232(043.2)
COBISS:	132042243
Views:	42
Downloads:	12
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
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Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Execution of misdemeanour proceedings according to paragraph 1 of the 57th article of the misdemeanours act (ZP-1)
Secondary abstract:	The thesis titled The Implementation of Minor Offence Proceedings on the basis of Paragraph 1 of the 57th article of Minor Offences Act, better known to the general population as the issue of payment notice, deals with the procedure, based on the personal detection of an offence or detection by technological means. In this case the detection is irrefutably true. It is best described by the Latin quote »Negabit frustra medio prensus in crimine« which can be translated to »the one caught in a criminal act will find it difficult to deny it«. Despite the fact that the offence has been detected by an officer authorised by law or by using technical means there is still a dilemma on the side of the alleged perpetrator as to whether the detection made by the officer or by the technological means is objective or subjective. The hypothesis that we have set is: that Slovenian misdemeanor legislation is set in such a way that the procedure is objective. The hypothesis was confirmed through the thesis and found that knowing the sectoral regulations is essential in order to be able to sanction the offender. However, since police officers are only human, there is a possibility of errors in the detection of offences. For such cases Slovenian law provides legal means to remedy the error and enables the accused to prove and challenge the error of the authority and to V challenge the decision given by the infringing authority at first instance and by the court at second instance. By examining legislation, literature, expert opinions and reviewing the case-law in this area and using different methods, we found that decision-making in these matters is demanding and highly responsible. The authorities have a complex and difficult job to make and present their decisions accurately, with proper arguments, and to also qualify them correctly in sectoral laws. In doing so, they must be very attentive to make sure that offender is sanctioned according to the principle that offences and punshments are strictly defined by law and that the penalty for the offence may only be given for an act that has been determined as a violation and therefore set a sanction.
Secondary keywords:	Kazensko pravo;Kaznivo dejanje;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Pages:	VIII f., 39 str.
ID:	17321134