magistrsko delo
Lara Ofentavšek (Author), Martina Oder (Reviewer), Rok Fink (Mentor), Brigita Tomšič (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Pranje perila je eno izmed osnovnih opravil v vsakem gospodinjstvu. EU direktiva za Vodo, Energijo in Odpadke določa uporabo programov nege perila pri nižjih temperaturah pranja (30–40 °C) in nižji porabi vode, predvsem zaradi velikih količin porabljene električne energije ter odpadne pralne vode. Tako postavljamo na tehtnico čistost perila, ki ga vsakodnevno nosimo, in vplive na okolje, ki jih povzroča sama nega perila. Namen: Namen magistrske naloge je v prvem koraku ugotoviti učinkovitost odstranjevanja standardnih umazanij in mikroorganizmov pri pranju perila pri 40 °C in 60 °C. V drugem koraku pa ugotoviti, koliko več pralnega sredstva je potrebno dodati pranju perila pri 40 °C, da dosežemo enak učinek odstranjevanja umazanij in mikroorganizmov kot pri 60 °C. In v zadnjem koraku ovrednotiti vplive na okolje pri različnih temperaturah in koncentracijah dodanega pralnega sredstva. Metode dela: Na vzorcih bombaža smo analizirali učinkovitost odstranjevanja standardnih sevov bakterij E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Testne bakterije in standardne umazanije smo oprali ločeno pri temperaturi pranja 40 °C in 60 °C in z različnimi koncentracijami pralnega sredstva (5 g/L, 10 g/L in 20 g/L). Po dobljenih rezultatih smo izvedli LCA analizo in preučili vplive na okolje. Rezultati: Rezultati glede odstranjevanja bakterij E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa kažejo, da so bile testne bakterije popolnoma odstranjene pri 60 °C, 5 g/L koncentracije standardnega pralnega sredstva ECE in 40 °C, 20 g/L (> 5 log CFU/cm2). Pri odstranjevanju standardnih umazanij je najučinkovitejši scenarij pranja pri 40 °C in 10 g/L. Rezultati vpliva na okolje kažejo najnižje vplive pri temperaturi 40 °C, 5 g/L, sledi 60 °C, 5 g/L. Razprava in zaključek: Ugotovili smo, da ima povečanje pralnega sredstva pozitiven vpliv na odstranjevanje standardnih bakterij in deloma pozitiven vpliv na odstranjevanje standardnih umazanij. S pomočjo analize LCA smo ugotovili, da ima povečevanje pralnega sredstva velik vpliv na okolje. Proizvajalci pralnih sredstev so tako pred novim izzivom, kako pripraviti formulacije pralnih sredstev, ki bodo učinkovite pri odstranjevanju bakterij in standardnih umazanij, hkrati pa bodo imele pozitiven vpliv na okolje.

Keywords

magistrska dela;sanitarno inženirstvo;pranje perila;odstranjevanje umazanij;odstranjevanje bakterij;pralni scenarij;LCA;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [L. Ofentavšek]
UDC: 614
COBISS: 157751555 Link will open in a new window
Views: 9
Downloads: 5
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Balance between efficacy and environmental impact of household laundry
Secondary abstract: Introduction: Washing laundry is one of the basic tasks in every household. The EU Directive on Water, Energy and Waste regulates the use of laundry programs at lower washing temperatures (30-40 °C) and lower water consumption, mainly due to the large amount of consumed electricity and waste water disposal. Therefore we are balancing the efficacy of laundry washing and its impact on the environment. Purpose: This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of soil removal and bacteria reduction in different washing scenarios combining temperatures (40 °C and 60 °C) and reference detergent concentrations. In last step we analysed the environmental impact of different washing scenarios. Methods: We tested the efficacy of standard soil removal from cotton and the reduction of E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa on cotton carriers at temperature 40 °C and 60 °C with different concentrations of standard detergent (5 g/L, 10 g/L in 20 g/L). A life cycle analysis for different washing cycles was also performed. Results: The results show that washing at 40 °C and 10 g/L was the most effective and resulted in good removal of standard soiling. However, bacteria reduction was highest at 60 °C, 5 g/L and 40 °C, 20 g/L (> 5 log CFU/cm2). With the 40 °C, 10 g/L scenario, we approached the standard requirements for household laundry of ~ 4 log CFU/carrier reduction and good soil removal. Discussion and conclusion: We found that we have an increased positive effect of the detergent on the removal of standard bacteria and a partially positive effect on the removal of standard soil. With the help of the LCA analysis, we found that increasing detergent has a large impact on the environment. Manufacturers of detergents are thus faced with a new challenge, how to prepare formulations of detergents that will be effective in removing bacteria and standard soil and at the same time will have a positive impact on the environment.
Secondary keywords: master's theses;sanitary engineering;household laundry;soil removal;bacterial reduction;washing scenario;LCA;
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za sanitarno inženirstvo
Pages: 47 str., [1] str. pril.
ID: 19425891