diplomska naloga
Alma Isakoska Drole (Author), Friderika Kresal (Reviewer), Gregor Omejec (Mentor)

Abstract

Staranje je neizogiben fiziološki proces, ki ga opredeljuje postopno poslabšanje telesnih funkcij in upočasnitev različnih procesov. V procesu staranja se zmanjša delovanje različnih organskih sistemov, kar vodi v spremembe telesne sestave in upad telesnih dejavnosti. Najopaznejše spremembe se kažejo s slabšanjem gibljivosti sklepov, upadom mišične mase in mišične moči, zmanjšanjem trdnosti kosti, poslabšanjem refleksov ter počasnejšim premikanjem in hojo starostnikov. Slabše delovanje proprioceptivnega sistema otežuje zaznavanje položaja telesa in posledično vodi v padce. Padci predstavljajo enega izmed glavnih vzrokov obolevnosti in umrljivosti, ki se s starostjo stopnjujejo. Vsako leto kar tretjina ljudi starejših od 65 let in več, doživi vsaj en padec. Najpogostejši so med izvajanjem vsakodnevnih dejavnosti sklanjanja, vstajanja in hoje. Povzročajo številne poškodbe, med katerimi so najpogostejši zlomi kolka, mehkih tkiv, glave, in druge lažje poškodbe, kot so udarci, zvini in natrganine. V diplomski nalogi smo preučevali učinkovitost vadbenih programov, namenjenih preprečevanju padcev pri starostnikih. Pri izbiri študij smo se osredotočili na tiste, ki so raziskovale vpliv različnih vadbenih programov na padce. Po pregledu literature in 10 člankov smo ugotovili, da je vadba proti uporu ključna za izboljšanje ravnotežja, vzdržljivosti in gibljivosti starostnikov. Prav tako smo ugotovili, da vadbeni programi s poudarkom na ravnotežju vplivajo na zmanjšanje števila padcev ter z njimi povezanih zlomov in izboljšanje sposobnosti ravnotežja. Za izboljšanje ali ohranjanje telesne pripravljenosti starostnikov priporočamo večkomponentno vadbo, ki je poleg vadbe ravnotežja usmerjena tudi v vadbo proti uporu. Smernice, namenjene preprečevanju padcev, priporočajo vključitev vsaj treh vadbenih komponent, vzdržljivosti, gibljivosti, moči in ravnotežja, v trajanju 150 minut tedensko ali 30 minut vadbe na dan, petkrat na teden. Upoštevati je treba starostnikove omejitve in zmožnosti ter slediti načelu progresije oz. postopnosti povečanja obsega, intenzivnosti in zmožnosti vaj. Za učinkovitejšo vadbo sta pomembna redno izvajanje, pod nadzorom terapevta, in vključitev kognitivnega treninga, ki vsebuje informacije v povezavi s padci.

Keywords

padci;preventiva;starejši odrasli;diplomska dela;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Publisher: [Al. Isakoska Drole]
UDC: 615.8
COBISS: 157720067 Link will open in a new window
Views: 41
Downloads: 8
Average score: 0 (0 votes)
Metadata: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Exercise-based falls prevention in elderly
Secondary abstract: Aging is an inevitable physiological process characterized by the gradual deterioration of body functions and the slowing down of various processes. In the aging process, the function of various organ systems decreases, which leads to changes in body composition and a decline in physical activities. The most noticeable changes are shown by the deterioration of the mobility of the joints, the decline of muscle mass and muscle strength, the reduction of bone strength, the deterioration of reflexes and the slower movement and walking of the elderly. Poorer functioning of the proprioceptive system makes it difficult to perceive the position of the body and consequently leads to falls. Falls are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, and incidence increases with age. Every year, as many as a third of people aged 65 and over experience at least one fall. They most often occur while performing the activities of daily living – bending over, getting up and walking. They cause various injuries, most commonly hip fractures, soft tissue injuries, head injuries and other minor injuries such as blows, sprains and tears. The diploma thesis examined the effectiveness of exercise programmes for preventing falls in the elderly. When selecting relevant studies, we focused on those that researched the impact of different exercise programmes on falls. After reviewing the literature and analysing 10 articles, we discovered that resistance training is crucial for improving balance, endurance and flexibility in the elderly. It has been determined that exercise programmes focusing on balance reduce the number of falls and improve balance. To improve or maintain the physical fitness of the elderly, we recommend a multicomponent exercise programme that focuses on resistance training in addition to balance exercises. Guidelines for falls prevention recommend including at least three exercise components (endurance, mobility, strength and balance) in the duration of 150 minutes per week or 30 minutes of exercise per day, five times a week. They must take into account the elderly person's limitations and abilities, and follow the principle of gradually increasing the volume and intensity of exercise. For the exercise to be more effective, it must be performed regularly, be supervised by a therapist, and include cognitive training that involves fall-related information.
Secondary keywords: falls;prevention;older adults;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0020382
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Visokošolski zavod Fizioterapevtika
Pages: II, 33 str.
ID: 19518987