diplomsko delo
Katja Bizjak (Author), Tine Kovačič (Reviewer), Polona Palma (Mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Cerebralna paraliza je skupni izraz za neprogresivne motnje gibanja, ki povzročajo trajno telesno prizadetost. Poškodbe otrokovih možganov prizadenejo motorični sistem, zato ima otrok nenormalen mišični tonus, motnje koordinacije in ravnotežja, zmanjšano mišično zmogljivost ali nenormalne gibalne vzorce ali kombinacijo teh značilnosti. V fizioterapiji se lahko uporabijo različni pristopi in metode z namenom izboljšanja izvajanja vsakodnevnih dejavnosti, povečanja mišične zmogljivosti, zmanjševanja spastičnosti in preprečevanja razvoja mišično-skeletnih deformacij. Izbira metod se določi glede na individualne potrebe osebe s CP. Ker poznamo več različnih oblik in stopenj CP, moramo oceniti zmožnosti in analizirati gibalne sposobnosti posameznika ter osebo razvrstiti glede na petstopenjski sistem GMFCS. Ena izmed možnih metod je tudi terapija v vodi. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pregledom literature ugotoviti vpliv terapije v vodi na grobo motorično funkcijo otrok in mladostnikov s cerebralno paralizo. Metode dela: Znanstvene raziskovalne članke smo iskali v podatkovnih zbirkah CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed in ScienceDirect. V pregled literature smo zajeli randomizirane kontrolirane poskuse, objavljene v angleškem jeziku. V kombinaciji ali samostojno smo uporabili naslednje angleške ključne besede in besedne zveze: cerebral palsy, aquatic therapy, aquatic exercise, hydrotherapy, phyisotherapy, rehabilitation, gross motor function. Rezultati: Na podlagi vključitvenih in izključitvenih kriterijev je bilo v pregled literature vključenih pet raziskav, objavljenih med letoma 2009 in 2020, z ocenami po lestvici PEDro med 4 in 6. Program vadbe v vodi je trajal od najmanj 6 do največ 10 tednov, v večini raziskav po dvakrat na teden. Terapija v vodi ima pozitivne učinke na otroke in mladostnike s CP, saj so v vključenih raziskavah prišli do statistično pomembnih rezultatov znotraj kontrolne in eksperimentalne skupine ali v primerjavi med skupinama. Do izboljšanja grobe motorične funkcije je prišlo v vseh dimenzijah GMFM in/ali posamezno v dimenziji D (stoja) in/ali E (hoja, tek, skakanje). Razprava in zaključek: Ugotovitve pregleda literature kažejo, da terapija v vodi izboljša grobo motorično funkcijo otrok in mladostnikov s cerebralno paralizo. Za bolj zanesljive sklepe bi bilo treba v raziskave vključiti večje število preiskovancev, uporabiti bolj enotne programe pri terapiji v vodi ter spremljati dolgoročne vplive vadbe v vodi.

Keywords

diplomska dela;fizioterapija;cerebralna paraliza;terapija v vodi;groba motorična funkcija;otroci;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [K. Bizjak]
UDC: 615.8
COBISS: 163654659 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: ǂThe ǂeffect of aquatic therapy on gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy - literature review
Secondary abstract: Introduction: Cerebral palsy is a collective term for non-progressive movement disorders that cause permanent physical disability. Damage to a child's brain affects the motor system, so the child has abnormal muscle tone, coordination and balance disorders, reduced muscle strength, or abnormal movement patterns, or a combination of these characteristics. Physiotherapy can use a variety of approaches and methods to improve the performance of activities of daily living, increase muscle strength, reduce spasticity and prevent the development of musculoskeletal deformities. The choice of method is determined by the individual needs of the person with CP. As there are several different forms and degrees of CP, we need to assess the abilities and analyse the motor skills of the individual and classify the person according to the GMFCS five-level system. One of the possible methods is water therapy. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to determine the effects of aquatic therapy on gross motor function in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy through a literature review. Methods: Scientific research articles were searched in the CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Randomized controlled trials published in English were included in the literature review. The following English keywords and phrases were used in combination or alone: cerebral palsy, aquatic therapy, aquatic exercise, hydrotherapy, phyisotherapy, rehabilitation, gross motor function. Results: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, five studies published between 2009 and 2020 with PEDro scores between 4 and 6 were included in the literature review.The duration of the aquatic exercise programme ranged from a minimum of 6 to a maximum of 10 weeks, with most of the studies having twice-weekly sessions. A control group was also present in all studies. Water therapy has positive effects on children and adolescents with CP, with statistically significant results within or between the control and experimental groups in the included studies. Improvements in gross motor function occurred in all dimensions of the GMFM and/or individually in dimension D (standing) and/or E (walking, running, jumping). Discussion and conclusion: The findings of the literature review suggest that aquatic therapy is effective for gross motor function in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. For more reliable conclusions, it would be necessary to carry out more research, require larger number of subjects, use more uniform programs in water therapy and long-term follow-up of the effects of water exercise.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;physiotherapy;cerebral palsy;water therapy;gross motor function;children;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za fizioterapijo
Pages: 23 str.
ID: 19900729