diplomsko delo
Manja Planinc (Author), Tilen Kopač (Mentor)

Abstract

Hidrogeli predstavljajo tridimenzionalno mrežo polimerov, ki nabreknejo ob stiku z vodo. Svojo sposobnost zadrževanja vode pridobijo zaradi hidrofilnih funkcionalnih skupin na polimernih verigah. Popolnoma nabrekli hidrogeli so viskoelastični, mehki, gumijasti in biokompatibilni. Večinoma so tudi razgradljivi, odvisno od uporabljenega zamreževala. Pobiranje prstnih odtisov se najpogosteje izvaja s čopiči, gazami, lepilnimi trakovi in kljub uporabnosti teh metod obstajajo številne omejitve, vključno s cenovno neugodnostjo, kompleksnostjo delovanja, nizko ločljivostjo, kontaminacijo DNK, uničenjem prstnih odtisov ter toksičnostjo nekaterih uporabljenih snovi. Večina metod ni primerna za shranjevanje informacij o latentnih prstnih odtisih. Moderni pristopi se zato osredotočajo na hidrogelne materiale zaradi njihove visoke občutljivosti, selektivnosti ter prilagodljivosti. Pri načrtovanju hidrogelov za določen namen je ključni parameter stopnje nabrekanja, saj vpliva na difuzijske, mehanske, optične in površinske lastnosti hidrogela. Pomembna je tudi mehanska lastnost togost, ki je povezana z elastičnostjo hidrogela ter difuzivnost. Vpliv na lastnosti hidrogelov je mogoče doseči s spreminjanjem koncentracije polimera, zamreževala ter vključevanjem specifičnih ionov in molekul. V diplomski nalogi sem preučila zadnje raziskave na področju načrtovanja hidrogelov z željenimi lastnostmi, ki so potencialno uporabni v forenziki. Pri tem sem se osredotočila na načrtovanje mehanskih lastnosti hidrogelov, kontrolo nad sproščanjem aminokislin ter možnost adsorpcije DNK na površino hidrogelov.

Keywords

hidrogeli;lastnosti hidrogelov;forenzika;prstni odtisi;aminokisline;DNK;diplomska dela;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Publisher: [M. Planinc]
UDC: 678:343.98(043.2)
COBISS: 170040323 Link will open in a new window
Views: 53
Downloads: 12
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Designing hydrogels for applications in forensic science
Secondary abstract: Hydrogels are three-dimensional networks of polymers that swell in contact with water. They acquire their water-holding capacity by hydrophilic functional groups on the polymer chain. Fully swollen hydrogels are viscoelastic, soft, rubbery and biocompatible. They are also mostly degradable, depending on the crosslinker used. Fingerprinting is most performed with brushes, gauzes, adhesive tapes and although these methods are useful, there are several limitations including cost disadvantage, complexity of operation, low resolution, DNA contamination, destruction of fingerprints and toxicity of some of the substances used. Most methods are also not suitable for the storage of latent fingerprint information. Modern approaches therefore focus on hydrogel materials due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, and flexibility. When designing hydrogels for a specific purpose, the degree of swelling is a key parameter as it affects the diffusion, mechanical, optical, and surface properties of the hydrogel. The mechanical properties of stiffness, which is related to the elasticity of the hydrogel, and diffusivity are also important. The influence on the properties of hydrogels can be achieved by varying the polymer concentration, the crosslinking agent and the incorporation of specific ions and molecules. In my thesis I reviewed recent research in the design of hydrogels with desired properties that are potentially useful in forensics. In doing so, I focused on the design of the mechanical properties of hydrogels, the control of amino acid release and the possibility of adsorbing DNA onto the surface of hydrogels.
Secondary keywords: hydrogel;fingerprints;amino acids;DNA;Polimeri;Sodna kemija;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 1000372
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo, UNI Kemijsko inženirstvo
Pages: 35 str.
ID: 19909042