Biosenzorji na osnovi glukoza oksidaze

diplomsko delo

Tina Černejšek (Author), Polona Žnidaršič Plazl (Mentor)

Abstract

Biosenzor je analitska naprava, ki vsebuje biološko komponento s selektivnim odzivom na analit, na podlagi katerega se na pretvorniku generira signal, proporcionalen koncentraciji analita v vzorcu. Za določanje glukoze v različnih vzorcih najpogosteje uporabljamo elektrokemijske biosenzorje na osnovi encima glukoza oksidaza (GOx), ki katalizira oksidacijo glukoze do glukonolaktona in vodikovega peroksida. Pri reakciji pride do toka elektronov, kar vodi do spremembe električnega toka, ki ga zazna elektroda. Za pravilno delovanje biosenzorja z ustrezno ponovljivostjo, občutljivostjo in obstojnostjo je izjemnega pomena ustrezna imobilizacija encima. V diplomskem delu sem naredila pregled literature in predstavila različne imobilizacijske tehnike in materiale v biosenzorjih za glukozo z GOx. Najbolj razširjeni tehniki za imobilizacijo GOx sta kovalentna vezava na površino elektrode, ki je močna in trajna, a lahko vpliva na strukturo encima in njegovo aktivnost, ter ujetje ali inkapsulacija v polimerne matrike, ki ščiti encim pred zunanjimi vplivi, a lahko povzroča težave pri prepustnosti snovi. Najpogosteje uporabljeni materiali za elektrode v biosenzorjih so inertne kovine ter ogljikovi materiali, za izboljšano delovanje senzorja pa so elektrode pogosto modificirane z nanomateriali ali polimernimi filmi. Glavne smernice za nadaljnji razvoj biosenzorjev za glukozo vodijo v smeri izboljšanja stabilnosti encima, življenjske dobe biosenzorja in zmanjšanja vpliva interferenc.

Keywords

glukoza oksidaza;elektrokemijski senzorji za glukozo;imobilizacija encimov;nanomateriali;elektrode v biosenzorjih;polimeri;liposomski mikroreaktorji;diplomska dela;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2023
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UL FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Publisher:	[T. Černejšek]
UDC:	602.1:53.082.9(043.2)
COBISS:	171502083
Views:	65
Downloads:	7
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Glucose oxidase-based biosensors
Secondary abstract:	A biosensor is an analytical device that contains a biological component with a selective response to an analyte, upon which a signal proportional to the analyte concentration in the sample is generated on the transducer. For the determination of glucose in various samples, electrochemical biosensors based on the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) are most commonly used. GOx catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconolactone and hydrogen peroxide. During the reaction, an electron flow occurs, leading to a change in electric current that is detected by the electrode. Proper functioning of the biosensor with adequate repeatability, sensitivity, and durability is crucial, and appropriate enzyme immobilization plays a significant role. In my thesis, I conducted a literature review and presented various immobilization techniques and materials in glucose biosensors with GOx. The most widely used techniques for immobilizing GOx are covalent binding to the electrode surface, which is strong and durable but can affect the enzyme's structure and activity, and entrapment or encapsulation in polymeric matrices, which protect the enzyme from external influences but may lead to permeability issues. The most commonly used materials for electrodes in biosensors are inert metals and carbon-based materials, and electrodes are often modified with nanomaterials or polymeric films to enhance sensor performance. The main directions for the further development of glucose biosensors are aimed at improving enzyme stability, biosensor lifespan, and reducing the impact of interferences.
Secondary keywords:	glucose oxidase;electrochemical glucose biosensors;enzyme immobilization;nanomaterials;Biosenzorji;Encimi;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme:	1000372
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE):	1970-01-01
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo, UNI Kemijsko inženirstvo
Pages:	33 str.
ID:	19912982