Znotrajvrstna zvočna komunikacija pri evrazijskem risu

magistrsko delo

Tjaša Gorenc (Author), Meta Virant-Doberlet (Reviewer), Miha Krofel (Mentor)

Abstract

Povod za nastanek te magistrske naloge je bilo pomankanje podatkov o oglašanju evrazijskega risa (Lynx lynx) v naravi. Pridobljeni podatki bodo služili za boljše poznavanje ekologije in varstvo te vrste. Na območju Kočevske smo 4.2.2022 s telemetrično ovratnico z GPS oddajnikom in napravo za snemanje zvoka (avdiologer) opremili samca risa. To je prvi ris, ki je bil kadar koli opremljen s snemalnikom zvoka. Podatke o oglašanju risov smo pridobili tudi s pasivnimi snemalniki AudioMoth, iz posnetkov avtomatskih kamer in preko oportunistično zbranih poročanj o oglašanju risov. Vse zvočne posnetke smo pregledali s programom Audacity ter podatke analizirali s programi R studio, QGIS in Excel. Osredotočili smo se na klice, ki jih risi uporabljajo za komunikacijo na daljše razdalje. Skupno smo z avdiologerjem zabeležili 1449 serij klicev. Izračunali smo povprečno dolžino trajanja serije oglašanj (19,55 s), povprečno število posameznih klicev v seriji (9,51) in povprečni časovni razmik med klici znotraj serije (1,49 s). Nato smo analizirali dejavnike, ki bi lahko vplivali na pogostost oglašanja. Ris se je najbolj pogosto oglašal v somraku in nočnem času. V primerjavi z lokacijami brez oglašanja se je pogosteje oglašal na vrhu grebenov in na pobočjih s srednjim naklonom ter se izogibal oglašanju v bližini naselij. Oglašanje je bilo nekoliko bolj pogosto, ko je bil bližje samici, vendar se je nato nehal oglašati v dneh, ko sta se parila. Glede prisotnosti plena se je najbolj pogosto oglašal, kadar je imel plen, vendar ni bil neposredno ob njem. Obenem se je frekvenca oglašanja zmanjšala ob močnejšem vetru in padavinah. Ocenili smo, da se samec risa na leto oglasi z okoli 3.000 serijami in 28.000 klici. S to magistrsko nalogo odpiramo številna vprašanja za nadaljnje raziskave, kot prvi pa smo pokazali učinkovitost uporabe snemalnikov na telemetričnih ovratnicah za raziskovanje samotarskih vrst mačk.

Keywords

Eurasian lynx;Lynx lynx;oglašanje;znotrajvstne interakcije;komunikacija;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2023
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher:	[T. Gorenc]
UDC:	599.742.734(043.2)
COBISS:	164707075
Views:	8
Downloads:	2
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Intraspecific vocal communication in Eurasian lynx
Secondary abstract:	The aim of this master's thesis was to fill the knowledge gap about the vocalizations of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in the wild. The data obtained will contribute to a better understanding of the ecology of the Eurasian lynx and to the protection of this species. In the Kočevsko area, on February 4, 2022, we placed a telemetry collar with a GPS and an audio-recording device (audio-logger) on a male lynx. This is the first lynx ever to be fitted with an audio-recording device. We also obtained audio recordings with AudioMoth recorders, from videos recorded with automatic cameras, and through opportunistically collected reports of lynx vocalization. All audio recordings were reviewed using the program Audacity, and data were analyzed using the programs R studio, QGIS, and Excel. We focused on calls that lynx use to communicate over long distances. With audio-logger we recorded a total of 1449 call series and calculated the average length of the call series (19.55 s), the average number of individual calls in the series (9.51), the time interval between calls (1.49 s), and analyzed factors that might influence the frequency of calls. The lynx called most frequently at dusk and at night. Compared to locations where it did not call, it called more frequently on ridges and on slopes with medium and low gradients, and it avoided calling near settlements. He called more frequently when near the female with whom he shared the territory, but then stopped calling on mating days. As for the presence of prey, he called most often when he had prey but was not right next to it. Weather conditions also had an influence with decreased calling frequency in windy weather and during percipitation. We estimated that a male lynx makes around 3,000 series and 28,000 calls per year. With our work, we raised many questions for further research, and we were the first to demonstrate the effectiveness of using recording devices on telemetry collars to study solitary cat species.
Secondary keywords:	Eurasian lynx;Lynx lynx;vocalisation;intraspecific interactions;communication;
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE):	1970-01-01
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Oddelek za biologijo, Magistrsko delo magistrskega študijskega programa 2. stopnje Ekologije in biodiverzitete
Pages:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (VIII, 46 str.)
ID:	19941562