diplomsko delo
Nejc Tomasino (Author), Tomaž Lampe (Reviewer), Mojca Divjak (Mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Amputacija zgornjega uda je prelomen dogodek v življenju osebe. Čeprav lahko uporaba proteze do neke mere kompenzira izgubo uda, ima ta še vedno velik vpliv na človekovo neodvisnost, sporazumevanje in samopodobo. Velika večina ljudi, ki potrebujejo protetično oskrbo, živi v tako imenovanih državah v razvoju. Invalidnost ljudi je tako močno povezana z revščino. Izdelane proteze zgornjih udov v državah v razvoju oz. izdelane z namenom uporabe v teh državah se zaradi mnogih omejitvenih faktorjev razlikujejo od uveljavljenih protez razvitega sveta. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je pregled področja protez zgornjega uda, namenjenih za uporabo v državah v razvoju s poudarkom na lastnostih relevantnih protez in problemov, ki vplivajo na izdelavo ter oskrbo s protezami, v primerjavi z zahodnim svetom. Metode dela: Za pisanje diplomske dela smo naredili sistematični pregled relevantne literature. Uporabili smo podatkovni bazi Google Učenjak in PubMed. Pregledana literatura je bila objavljena med letoma 2013 in 2023. Dodatno smo se omejili s pomočjo ključnih besed. Rezultati: Za pregled lastnosti ročnih protez držav v razvoju smo po pregledu literature zbrali trideset različnih primerov, ki so bili bodisi izdelani v državi v razvoju oz. izdelani izključno za uporabo v teh državah. Za poglavitne probleme področja protetike zgornjega uda držav razvoja smo prepoznali: pomankanje financiranja, majhna ozaveščenost vlade in širše javnosti o protetičnih storitvah, nezadostno število izobraženih protetikov, geografska nedostopnost in tradicionalna prepričanja o invalidnosti. Razprava in zaključek: Glavna ugotovitev diplomskega dela je bila, da v primerjavi z razvitim delom sveta velika večina amputirancev nima dostopa do protetične oskrbe ali pa ima ta zelo nizki standard. Avtorji so predlagali nekaj rešitev za omenjene težave, zanje pa je potrebno veliko časa in financiranja. Lastnosti ročnih protez se tako prilagajajo problematičnemu področju protetike. Največ pozornosti je posvečenemu cenovnemu aspektu protez, kar se odraža v vseh njihovih značilnostih. Večina nameščenih modelov spada v kategorijo pasivnih ali funkcionalno mehanskih protez zaradi svoje robustnosti in enostavne uporabe. Električne komponente so zaradi cene in neprimernega okolja redko implementirane. Dizajn protez v primerjavi z zahodnimi je karseda preprost, in sicer za dodatno povečanje cenovne dostopnosti. Uporabljeni materiali so poceni in lokalno dostopni. Precejšen del predstavljajo tudi podarjene proteze iz razvitega sveta, vendar so se te v veliki meri izkazale za neprimerne za vsakdanje življenje v državi z nizkim dohodkom. V zbranih primerih protez iz literature je delež mioelektričnih protez relativno visok. Razlog je najverjetneje razvoj prototipov v zahodnih državah z namenom uporabe v državah v razvoju. Za najpogosteje izbran način izdelave je bil 3D tisk. Ta omogoča visok nivo oblikovanja, preprosto izdelavo proteze, uporabo internetnih prosto dostopnih modelov in hitro zamenjavo poškodovanih delov.

Keywords

diplomska dela;ortotika in protetika;ročne proteze;države v razvoju;države z nizkim dohodkom;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [N. Tomasino]
UDC: 617.3
COBISS: 165188099 Link will open in a new window
Views: 5
Downloads: 3
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Comparison of the upper limb prosthesis of developing countries with the Western world
Secondary abstract: Introduction: Amputation of the upper limb is a life-changing event for a person. Although the use of a prosthesis can compensate for the loss of a limb to some extent, it still has a significant impact on a person's independence, communication, and self-image. The vast majority of people who require prosthetic care live in so-called developing countries, where disability is strongly linked to poverty. Manufactured upper limb prostheses in developing countries or manufactured for the purpose of use in these countries differ from the established prostheses of the developed world due to many limiting factors. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to review the field of upper limb prostheses intended for use in developing countries with an emphasis on the properties of relevant prostheses and problems affecting the manufacture and supply of prostheses compared to the Western world. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of relevant literature for writing the thesis. We used the databases Google Scholar and PubMed. The reviewed literature was published between 2013 and 2023. We additionally limited ourselves using keywords. Results: To review the characteristics of hand prostheses in developing countries, after reviewing the literature, we collected thirty different cases that were either made in a developing country or manufactured exclusively for use in these countries. We identified the main problems in the field of upper limb prosthetics in developing countries as: lack of funding, low awareness of the government and the general public about prosthetic services, an insufficient number of educated prosthetists, geographic inaccessibility and traditional beliefs about disability. Discussion and conclusion: The main finding of the thesis was that compared to the developed world, the vast majority of amputees in developing countries do not have access to prosthetic care or have access to very low-quality care. The authors proposed some solutions to these problems, which require a lot of time and funding. The characteristics of hand prostheses are therefore adapted to the problematic field of prosthetics. Most attention is paid to the cost aspect of prostheses, which is reflected in all their characteristics. The majority of installed models belong to the category of passive or body powered prostheses due to their robustness and ease of use. Electric components are rarely implemented due to their cost and unsuitable environment. Prosthetic design is as simple as possible to further increase affordability. The materials used are cheap and locally available. A significant portion of the prostheses are also donated from developed countries, but they have largely proven to be unsuitable for everyday life in low-income countries. In the collected cases of prostheses from the literature, the proportion of myoelectric prostheses is relatively high. The reason is most likely the development of prototypes in Western countries. 3D printing was the most commonly chosen method of manufacture. This allows for a high level of design, easy prosthetic production, the use of freely available internet models and quick replacement of damaged parts.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;orthotics and prosthetics;hand prostheses;developing countries;low-income countries;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za protetiko
Pages: 27 str.
ID: 19963966