Upravljanje s tveganji pri oskrbi s pitno vodo

magistrsko delo

Tina Ščetinec (Author), Borut Poljšak (Reviewer), Primož Banovec (Mentor), Andrej Ovca (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: V Sloveniji se za zagotavljanje varne pitne vode upoštevajo načela sistema HACCP, ki ga v obliki notranjega nadzora zahteva zakonodaja. Nedavno sprejeta direktiva Evropske unije pa opredeljuje, da naj vodovodni sistemi uporabljajo načrte varne oskrbe z vodo, ki jih je razvila Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija, saj so bolje prilagojeni obvladovanju tveganj v sistemih oskrbe s pitno vodo in so zato bolj učinkoviti. Za njihovo izdelavo je potrebna celovita ocena tveganj, ki se začne z identifikacijo nevarnosti v celotnem sistemu oskrbe s pitno vodo, od odvzemnega mesta do pipe pri porabniku vode. Namen: Želeli smo predstaviti pomanjkljivosti ocene tveganj v sklopu sistema HACCP, prispevati k razumevanju načrtov varne oskrbe z vodo in predstaviti obstoj spletnega orodja WASPP – DSS, ki omogoča celovito identifikacijo nevarnosti, kot je potrebna za učinkovito implementacijo pristopa, ki temelji na tveganju. Metode dela: Delo je vključevalo sistematičen pregled literature v slovenskem, kakor tudi v tujih jezikih. Pregledu literature je sledila analiza identificiranih nevarnosti treh obstoječih HACCP-študij, izdelanih za slovenske vodovodne sisteme. Za enega izmed sistemov je bila opravljena identifikacija nevarnosti s pomočjo spletnega orodja WASPP – DSS. Te nevarnosti so bile nato primerjane s tistimi, identificiranimi v HACCP-študiji za ta vodovodni sistem. Pri tem nas je zanimalo predvsem, ali so nevarnosti, identificirane v študijah HACCP, pomanjkljive, oziroma če študija obsega vse nevarnosti od vira do porabnika. Rezultati: Nevarnosti, identificirane v študijah HACCP, se v dveh primerih nanašajo izključno na zdravstveno ustreznost vode. V vseh študijah nevarnosti le-te zavzemajo biološke, kemijske in fizikalne agense. Ena izmed študij je vključevala tudi organoleptične lastnosti vode in radioaktivnost. Nobena izmed študij ni vključevala segmentov namernega onesnaženja vode, vpliva podnebnih sprememb, količin vode in vodnih izgub ter nevarnosti, povezanih s hišnim vodovodnim omrežjem. Spletno orodje WASPP – DSS je identificiralo več nevarnosti, ki so zajemale vse naštete vidike in so vključevale celoten proces oskrbe s pitno vodo. Razprava in zaključek: Rezultati kažejo, da je obvladovanje tveganj po principu HACCP pomanjkljivo, zato obstaja realna potreba po vzpostavitvi načrtov varne oskrbe z vodo, ki morajo slediti celovitemu pristopu k oceni tveganj. Zato pa je potrebna ne le nadgraditev obstoječih sistemov HACCP, temveč vzpostavitev sistema ocenjevanja (in obvladovanja) tveganj v celoti na novi podlagi.

Keywords

magistrska dela;sanitarno inženirstvo;načrti varne oskrbe z vodo;WSP;HACCP;pitna voda;ocena tveganja;identifikacija nevarnosti;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2023
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher:	[T. Ščetinec]
UDC:	614
COBISS:	170461699
Views:	25
Downloads:	24
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Risk management in drinking water supply
Secondary abstract:	Introduction: The principles of the HACCP system, which is in internal auditing required by law, are used in Slovenia to ensure the safety of drinking water. However, a recently adopted Directive of the European Union specifies that water utilities should use water safety plans, developed by the World Health Organization, as they are better adapted to manage risks in drinking water supply systems and are therefore more effective. Their implementation requires a comprehensive risk assessment, starting with hazard identification in the entire supply chain from source to tap. Purpose: Our aim was to present the drawbacks of risk assessment in the context of the HACCP system, contribute to the understanding of water safety plans and to present the existence of the WASPP – DSS toolbox, which allows for a comprehensive hazard identification, as is necessary for an effective implementation of a risk-based approach. Methods: The research included a systematic literature review in Slovenian as well as in foreign languages. It was followed by an analysis of identified hazards in three existing HACCP plans prepared for Slovenian water utilities. For one of the utilities, hazard identification was carried out using the WASPP – DSS toolbox. These hazards were then compared to those identified in the HACCP plan for the aforementioned water utility. In this context, we were particularly interested in whether the hazards identified in the HACCP plan were inadequate, or if the plan includes all hazards, from source to consumer. Results: The hazards identified in two of the HACCP plans relate exclusively to water safety, occupying biological, chemical and physical hazards. One of the plans also included organoleptic properties of drinking water and radioactivity. None of the HACCP plans included segments of intentional contamination, effects of climate change, water quantity, water losses and hazards, related to internal piping. The WASPP – DSS toolbox identified a greater number of hazards that covered all of the aforementioned aspects and included the entire drinking water supply process. Discussion and conclusion: The results show that risk management according to the HACCP principles is deficient, meaning that there is a realistic need to establish water safety plans that must follow a comprehensive approach to risk assessment. This requires not only an upgrade of the existing HACCP systems, but also an establishment of a new risk assessment (and management) system on a new basis in its entirety.
Secondary keywords:	master's theses;sanitary engineering;water safety plans;WSP;HACCP;drinking water;risk assessment;hazard identification;
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE):	1970-01-01
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za sanitarno inženirstvo
Pages:	110 str.
ID:	20551850