Animal production systems as a selective environment for antibiotic resistance genes

Abstract

In the last decade antibiotic usage in animal production systems has received a considerable public attention. The use, overuse and misuse of antibiotics provided an excellent environment for the selection and dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes across a wide diversity of bacteria, mainly through horizontal gene transfer. Resistance genes move between animal and human bacteria mainly through the food chain. Thus resistance generated in animal production environments could result in the loss of effectiveness of antibiotics used for the treatment of human diseases. The increasing threat of emerging bacterial pathogens resistant to a variety of antibiotics and the economic and human burden have moved the legislators in EU to ban antibiotic usage in animal food production as growth promoters in 2006 and recently proposed further non-binding recommendations toban antibiotics for prophylactic use too. The costs for such actions will presumably be much lower in comparison to the costs of leaving the issue as itis. However, in non EU countries such measures have not been adopted yet. The mechanisms and examples of antibiotic resistance development and dissemination are described, focusing on antibiotics used both in human and veterinary medicine and animal food production.

Keywords

animal production;antibiotics;resistance genes;food;

Data

Language:	English
Year of publishing:	2012
Typology:	1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:	UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher:	Biotehniška fakulteta
UDC:	636:575:579
COBISS:	3084168
ISSN:	1581-9175
Parent publication:	Acta agriculturae Slovenica
Views:	1029
Downloads:	276
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
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Other data

Secondary language:	Slovenian
Secondary abstract:	V zadnjem desetletju je uporaba antibiotikov v živinoreji pritegnila pozornost širše javnosti. Nenadzorovana, prekomerna in nenamenska uporaba antibiotikov je, predvsem preko mehanizma horizontalnega prenosa genov, omogočila selekcijo in širjenje proti antibiotikom odpornih bakterij in genov z zapisi za odpornost. Prenos odpornih bakterij oziroma genov z zapisi za odpornost med človekom in živalmi poteka predvsem preko prehranjevalne verige. Posledično lahko odporne bakterije ali geni z zapisom za odpornost, ki izvirajo iz živinorejskega okolja, zmanjšajo učinkovitost zdravljenja bakterijskih okužb z antibiotiki pri človeku. Vse večja grožnja pojavljanja novih večkratno odpornih patogenih bakterij, ter kot posledica vpliv na zdravje ljudi in tudi ekonomska škoda, so pripeljali do odločitve Evropske skupnosti, da od leta 2006 prepove uporabo antibiotikov kot pospeševalcev rasti v živinoreji. Nedavno pa so sprejeli tudi priporočilo, po katerem naj se antibiotikov v živinoreji ne bi uporabljalo več niti za profilakso. V večini držav izven EU podobne zakonodaje še niso sprejeli. V tem članku so opisani primeri razvoja in pojavljanja odpornosti proti antibiotikom, ki se uporabljajo tako v humani medicini in veterini, kot posledica mnoične uporabe v živinoreji.
Secondary keywords:	živinoreja;antibiotiki;odpornost;geni;živila;
URN:	URN:NBN:SI
Type (COBISS):	Not categorized
Pages:	str. 7-17
Volume:	ǂLetn. ǂ100
Issue:	ǂšt. ǂ1
Chronology:	2012
Keywords (UDC):	applied sciences;medicine;technology;uporabne znanosti;medicina;tehnika;agriculture and related sciences and techniques;forestry;farming;wildlife exploitation;kmetijstvo ter sorodne vede in tehnologije;animal husbandry and breeding in general;livestock rearing;breeding of domestic animals;živinoreja na splošno;vzreja domačih živali;mathematics;natural sciences;naravoslovne vede;matematika;biological sciences in general;biologija;general genetics;general cytogenetics;splošna genetika;splošna citogenetika;mathematics;natural sciences;naravoslovne vede;matematika;biological sciences in general;biologija;microbiology;mikrobiologija;
DOI:	10.2478/v10014-012-0008-1
ID:	21699