Uporaba kokoši lahkega tipa po koncu proizvodnega obdobja

diplomsko delo

Silvester Kobal (Author), Aleš Kuhar (Reviewer), Dušan Terčič (Mentor)

Abstract

Iztrošene kokoši so kokoši nesnice po končani prvi nesni sezoni. Zaradi nedobičkonosnosti je postalo odstranjevanje iztrošenih kokoši nesnic lahkega tipa velik problem. Tradicionalne metode odstranjevanja, kot sta zakopavanje ali sežig, niso niti izvedljive niti okoljsko sprejemljive. Boljša metoda odstranjevanja, zlasti z gospodarskega vidika, je njihovo kompostiranje. Zaradi starosti in majhne telesne mase iztrošene kokoši niso privlačne za živilsko predelovalno industrijo. Imajo krhke kosti, ki med predelavo zlahka zaidejo v meso. Zaradi velike vsebnosti kolagena in obstoja navzkrižnih povezav med kolagenskimi vlakni, je meso iztrošenih kokoši trdo. Kot nepredelano meso ima zato omejeno uporabno vrednost in seveda nizko ceno. V kafilerijah se že vrsto let iz perutninskih stranskih proizvodov kot so klavnični odpadki ter poginule in usmrčene kokoši proizvaja beljakovinska moka. Moka iz iztrošenih kokoši je lahko dobro nadomestilo za ribjo in sojino moko v krmnih mešanicah za rejne in hišne živali. Težava je v tem, da je v EU od leta 2001 prepovedano dodajanje beljakovin živalskega porekla v krmo za rejne živali. V preteklosti se je meso iztrošenih kokoši veliko uporabljalo v prehrani ljudi v proizvodih/jedeh kot so juhe, konzerve, mleto meso, jušne kocke, prigrizki. V zadnjih letih pa je znesek, ki ga perutninar prejme za iztrošene kokoši zgolj simboličen. Zaradi zmanjšanega povpraševanja po iztrošenih kokoših ter potrebe po njihovem gospodarnem vnovčenju, se povečuje zanimanje za razvoj novih proizvodov iz mesa iztrošenih kokoši, s katerimi bi na trgu ustvarili določeno dodano vrednost. Veliki so obeti na področju predelave posameznih sestavin iz mesa iztrošenih kokoši, zlasti beljakovin, v biomateriale (npr. lepila, bioplastiko, adsorbente, itn.) in sestavine funkcionalne hrane (npr. želatino, bioaktivne peptide). Prihodnje raziskave se bodo verjetno nadaljevale v smeri pretvorbe biomase iztrošenih kokoši v proizvode z dodano vrednostjo.

Keywords

perutnina;kokoši;nesnice;lahki tip;iztrošene kokoši nesnice;meso;prehrana ljudi;prehrana živali;biomateriali;funkcionalna živila;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2024
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher:	[S. Kobal]
UDC:	636.5(043.2)
COBISS:	194561027
Views:	353
Downloads:	21
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Utilization of spent laying hens
Secondary abstract:	Spent hens are laying hens that have reached the end of their first laying cycle. The disposal of spent hens has become an increasing problem in the laying industry due to the high costs involved. Conventional disposal methods such as burial or incineration are neither practical nor environmentally friendly. A better disposal method, especially from an economic point of view, is the composting of spent hens. Spent hens are not attractive to food processors due to their age and small size. They have fragile bones that easily break into the meat during processing. The meat is generally tough due to the collagen content and cross-linking. Therefore, the use of spent chicken meat in whole foods is limited and the market price is low. The rendering industry has been producing protein meal from poultry processing waste for several years. The rendered spent hen meal is a good substitute for fish and soy meal in typical animal feed or pet food. The problem is that the addition of proteins of animal origin to feed for farm animals has been banned in the EU since 2001. In the past, most of the spent hen meat was used in foods such as soups, canned food, minced meat, bouillon cubes and snacks. In recent years, however, the value of spent hens used for human consumption has fallen to almost zero. Due to the decreased demand for spent hens and the need to dispose of the carcasses in an economical manner, there has been increased interest in developing new value-added products from spent hen meat, including biomaterials (e.g. adhesives, bioplastics, adsorbents, etc.) and functional food ingredients (e.g. gelatin, bioactive peptides). Future research is likely to focus on the conversion of biomass from spent hen meat into value-added products.
Secondary keywords:	poultry;laying hens;spent hens;meat;human nutrition;animal nutrition;biomaterials;functional food;
Type (COBISS):	Diploma project paper
Study programme:	0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE):	1970-01-01
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Oddelek za zootehniko
Pages:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (VI, 15 str.))
ID:	23510921