Okužba z virusom noric v času nosečnosti

diplomsko delo

Nina Dobnikar (Author), Suzana Mlinar (Reviewer), Darja Thaler (Mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Norice so virusna nalezljiva bolezen. Povzroča jih varicella zoster virus, ki se lahko kasneje ponovno aktivira in povzroči herpes zoster. Večina populacije preboli norice v otroštvu, kjer je potek bolezni načeloma lahek in predvidljiv. Večje tveganje za težji potek bolezni in pojav morebitnih zapletov imajo novorojenčki, odrasli, nosečnice in ljudje z okrnjenim imunskim sistemom. Po prebolelih noricah ostane pri ljudeh doživljenjska imunost. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je proučiti primarno okužbo z virusom noric v času nosečnosti ter raziskati pojavnost okužbe v času nosečnosti, posledice in zaplete, ki se lahko pojavijo pri nosečnici, plodu in novorojenčku v primeru okužbe ter zdravljenje in preprečevanje okužbe. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu je uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela, ki temelji na pregledu angleške in slovenske strokovne in znanstvene literature. Literaturo smo iskali po spletnem portalu DiKUL, v bibliografskih podatkovnih bazah CINAHL Ultimate in MEDLINE (PubMed) ter po spletnih iskalnikih ScienceDirect in Google Učenjak. Rezultati: V državah, ki ležijo v zmerno toplem pasu, je okužba z virusom noric v času nosečnosti zelo redka, saj več kot 90 % populacije norice preboli v otroštvu. Okužba med nosečnostjo je zaradi okoljskih dejavnikov, bolj pogosta v manj razvitih, tropskih in subtropskih državah. Najpogostejše posledice zaradi okužbe z virusom noric med nosečnostjo so varičelna pljučnica, kongenitalni sindrom noric in neonatalne norice. Okužbo z virusom noric se pri nosečnicah najpogosteje zdravi s protivirusno terapijo z aciklovirjem. Kadar ženska v rodni dobi ni imuna na norice, je najpomembnejši ukrep za preprečevanje okužbe cepljenje. Če je nosečnica izpostavljena virusu noric in nima razvitih protiteles, se izvaja postekspozicijska profilaksa z varicella zoster imunoglobulinom. Razprava in zaključek: Bistveni del preventivne strategije za preprečevanje ali zmanjševanje pojavnosti noric v nosečnosti, zahteva organiziran pristop k obvladovanju dovzetnih in izpostavljenih nosečnic. Najpomembnejši ključ do zmanjšanja obolevnosti za noricami med nosečnostjo, je edukacija oziroma izobraževanje neimunih žensk v rodni dobi. Pri tem ima pomembno vlogo medicinska sestra z zdravstveno vzgojnim delom in spodbujanju k cepljenju.

Keywords

diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;varicella zoster virus;infekcije;nosečnost;teratogenost;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2024
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher:	[N. Dobnikar]
UDC:	616-083
COBISS:	194393347
Views:	92
Downloads:	24
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Infection with chickenpox virus during pregnancy
Secondary abstract:	Introduction: Varicella (chickenpox) is a viral infectious disease. They are caused by varicella zoster virus, which can later reactivate and cause herpes zoster. The majority of the population has varicella in childhood, where the course of the disease is mostly mild and predictable. Newborns, adults, pregnant women and people with a weakened immune system have a higher risk of a more severe course of the disease and potential complications. After getting over varicella, humans have lifelong immunity. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma thesis is to study the primary infection with the varicella-zoster virus during pregnancy and to explore the incidence of infection during pregnancy, consequences and complications that may occur in pregnant woman, the foetus and the newborn in case of infection, as well as the treatment and prevention of infection. Methods: The thesis uses a descriptive method based on a review of English and Slovenian expert and scientific literature. We searched for literature using DiKUL web portal, in the CINAHL Ultimate and MEDLINE (PubMed) bibliographic databases, and the ScienceDirect and Google Scholar web search engines. Results: In countries located in the temperate zone, an infection with the varicella-zoster virus during pregnancy is very rare, as more than 90 % of the population recovers from varicella in their childhood. Due to environmental factors, an infection during pregnancy is more common in less developed, tropical and subtropical countries. The most common consequences of varicella during pregnancy are varicella pneumonia, congenital varicella syndrome and neonatal varicella. Varicella in pregnant women is most often treated using antiviral therapy with acyclovir. If a woman of childbearing age is not immune to varicella, the most important measure to prevent infection is vaccination. If a pregnant woman has been exposed to the varicella-zoster virus and has not developed antibodies, post-exposure prophylaxis with varicella-zoster immune globulin is administered. Discussion and conclusion: The essential part of the preventive strategy to prevent or reduce the incidence of varicella in pregnancy requires an organised approach to the management of susceptible and exposed pregnant women. The most important factor in reducing the incidence of varicella during pregnancy is education of non-immune women of childbearing age. Nurses play an important role in this regard, with health education work and encouraging vaccination.
Secondary keywords:	diploma theses;nursing care;varicella-zoster virus;infections;pregnancy;teratogenicity;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE):	1970-01-01
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego
Pages:	41 str.
ID:	23575264