diplomska naloga
Marija Jocić (Author), Friderika Kresal (Reviewer), Gregor Omejec (Mentor)

Abstract

Živčno mišične bolezni so heterogena, kronična in napredujoča skupina bolezni, ki prizadene periferno živčevje ali mišičje. Glavni znak teh bolezni je mišična oslabelost, ki lahko povzroči hudo funkcijsko prizadetost in posledično odvisnost pacienta od tuje pomoči. Respiratorni zapleti so glavni vzrok za umrljivost pri pacientih. V diplomski nalogi smo uporabili metodo sekundarne analize virov, s pomočjo katere smo opisali osnovne lastnosti živčno-mišičnih bolezni in respiratorne fizioterapije. Na podlagi 10 vključenih študij in pregledane literature smo skušali ugotoviti učinkovitost treninga inspiratornih mišic, dihalnih vaj, terapije insuflacije in eksuflacije, manualnih tehnik izkašljevanja in neinvazivne ventilacije pri pacientih z živčno-mišičnimi boleznimi. Po pregledu literature lahko potrdimo zastavljeno hipotezo, da metode in tehnike respiratorne fizioterapije pomembno izboljšajo kakovost in podaljšajo življenje pacientov z živčno-mišičnimi boleznimi. Vadba dihalnih mišic je pomembna, saj povzroči blago izboljšavo pljučnih funkcij pri pacientih z amiotrofično lateralno sklerozo. Inspiratorna vadba mišic spodbuja izboljšanje respiratornih parametrov. Pri pacientih z živčno- mišičnimi boleznimi se zaradi neučinkovitega kašlja pogosto razvijejo atelektaze in pljučnice. Čim bolj napreduje oslabelost ekspiratornih mišic, tem večja je verjetnost zmanjšane zmožnosti izkašljevanja in izločanja sekreta. Tehnika mehanske insuflacije in eksuflacije je učinkovita pri izboljšanju sposobnosti izkašljevanja, odstranjevanju sputuma in preprečevanju pljučnih zapletov pri pacientih z živčno-mišičnimi boleznimi. Najbolj uporabljene metode pri izkašljevanju so manualne tehnike, študije pa nakazujejo njihovo učinkovitost. Pri pacientih, ki imajo nizko vrednost kisika v krvi, uporabljamo neinvazivno ventilacijo. Dokazi v študijah kažejo, da neinvazivna ventilacija izboljša in ohranja kakovost življenja pacientov.

Keywords

respiratorna obravnava;živčno-mišične bolezni;respiratorna fizioterapija;diplomska dela;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Publisher: [M. Jocić]
UDC: 615.8
COBISS: 197247747 Link will open in a new window
Views: 245
Downloads: 17
Average score: 0 (0 votes)
Metadata: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Respiratory treatment of patients with neuromuscular disorders
Secondary abstract: Neuromuscular diseases are a heterogeneous, chronic, and progressive group of diseases, which affects peripheral nerves or muscles. The main symptom of these diseases is muscle weakness, which can cause significant functional impairment and the patient's consequent dependence on external assistance.Respiratory complications are the main cause of mortality in these patients. In this diploma thesis, the method of secondary analysis of sources was used to describe the basic characteristics of neuromuscular diseases and respiratory physiotherapy. Based on 10 included studies and reviewed literature, we tried to determine the effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training, breathing exercises, mechanical insufflation-exsufflation therapy, manual cough techniques and non-invasive ventilation in patients with neuromuscular diseases.After reviewing the literature, the hypothesis that the methods and techniques of respiratory physiotherapy significantly improve the quality and prolong the life of the patients with neuromuscular diseases can be confirmed. Respiratory muscle training is important as it provides a mild improvement in lung function in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Inspiratory muscle training improves respiratory parameters.Patients with neuromuscular diseases often develop atelectasis and pneumonia due to ineffective coughing. The more advanced the weakness of the expiratory muscles is, the greater is the likelihood of a reduced ability to cough up and secrete. The technique of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation is effective in improving the ability to cough, remove sputum and prevent pulmonary complications in patients with neuromuscular diseases. Manual techniques are the most used methods of expectoration, and studies show their effectiveness. Non-invasive ventilation is used for patients with low blood oxygen levels. Evidence in studies shows that non-invasive ventilation improves and preserves the patients' quality of life.
Secondary keywords: Respiratory treatment;neuromuscular disease;respiratory physiotherapy;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0020382
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Visokošolski zavod Fizioterapevtika
Pages: II, 32 str.
ID: 23735400