Težave kmetij zaradi sobivanja s prostoživečimi živalmi

magistrsko delo

Janja Adamič (Author), Andrej Lavrenčič (Reviewer), Dušanka Jordan (Mentor)

Abstract

V magistrskem delu nas je zanimalo, katere prostoživeče živalske vrste povzročajo škodo živinorejcem, kje po Sloveniji, za kakšno vrsto škode gre, katere ukrepe izvajajo rejci za zaščito svojega premoženja in kako ocenjujejo učinkovitost ukrepov. Podatke smo zbrali z anonimno spletno anketo. Od 447 anketirancev, jih je imelo 303 težave s prostoživečimi živalmi. Volk in medved sta škodo na drobnici in govedu povzročala v južnem, zahodnem, osrednjem in severnem delu Slovenije. Skoraj po celi Sloveniji so škodo na perutnini povzročali kuna, lisica, šakal in krokar, slednji trije tudi na drobnici. Največ škode na pridelku so povzročili parkljarji, miši in voluharji, medved ter nekatere ptice, npr. vrane. Škodo na balah so povzročale vrane, krokar in medved. Rejci so pred zvermi svoje živali zaščitili z uporabo večžične električne ograje ali elektro mreže, a so jih ocenili kot manj učinkovite. Kot najbolj učinkovit ukrep so ocenili nočno zapiranje živali v hlev. Rejci za zaščito pridelkov pred škodo zaradi prostoživečih živali večinoma niso izvajali posebnih ukrepov. Rejci, ki so imeli več kot 51 živali drobnice ali goveda, so imeli značilno večjo verjetnost (p ⡤ 0,05), da jim bodo volk, šakal in krokar plenili te živali, v primerjavi z rejci, ki so imeli manj kot 20 živali. Anketiranci, ki so imeli več kot 5 ha površin v lasti ali najemu, so imeli značilno večjo verjetnost, da jim bodo divji prašič, srnjad in jelenjad povzročali škodo, kot anketiranci, ki so imeli manj kot 2 ha površin. Anketiranci iz podravske regije so imeli značilno manjšo verjetnost povzročitve škode s strani divjega prašiča in anketiranci iz podravske in pomurske regije manjšo verjetnost pojava škode zaradi jelenjadi v primerjavi z osrednjeslovensko regijo. Anketiranci iz primorsko-notranjske in goriške regije so imeli značilno večjo verjetnost povzročitve škode s strani jelenjadi kot tisti iz osrednje Slovenije. Govedorejci v primorsko-notranjski in gorenjski regiji so imeli značilno večjo verjetnost, da jim bo volk plenil govedo, v primerjavi z govedorejci iz osrednjeslovenske regije. Rejci, ki so imeli svojo drobnico v pašni reji, so imeli značilno večjo verjetnost, da jim bo drobnico uplenil šakal in rejci goveda, da jim bo govedo uplenil volk, v primerjavi z rejci, ki so imeli svoje živali v hlevu z ali brez izpusta.

Keywords

kmetijstvo;prostoživeče živali;sobivanje;magistrska dela;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2024
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher:	[J. Adamič]
UDC:	631(043.2)
COBISS:	197211395
Views:	396
Downloads:	51
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Problems of farms due to coexistence with wild animals
Secondary abstract:	The aim of the thesis was to find out which wild animal species cause damage to livestock farmers, where in Slovenia, what kind of damage they cause, what measures farmers take to protect their property and how they evaluate the effectiveness of each measure. We gathered data by anonymous web questionnaire. Of 447 respondents, 303 had problems with wild animals. Wolf and bear caused damage to sheep, goats and cattle in the southern, western, central and northern parts of Slovenia. Almost throughout Slovenia damage to poultry was caused by martens, foxes, jackals, and ravens, the latter three also to sheep and goats. Most damage to crops was caused by cloven-hoofed animals, mice and voles, bears, and some birds, e.g. crows. Damage to bales was caused by crows, ravens and bears. To protect livestock from carnivores, farmers used electric fences and grids, both of which were evaluated as less effective, the most effective measure was closing animals in the barn during the night. Farmers usually did not use any special measures to protect their fields from game. Farmers keeping more than 51 sheep, goats or cattle, were significantly more likely to suffer damage from wolfs, jackals and ravens than farmers keeping less than 20 animals. Respondents who had more than 5 ha of land were significantly more likely to suffer damage from wild boar, roe deer and red deer, than those who had less than 2 ha of land. Respondents from the “podravska” region had significantly smaller odds for wild boar damage and respondents from the regions “podravska” and “pomurska” had smaller odds for red deer damage compared to the “osrednjeslovenska” region. Respondents from the regions “primorsko-notranjska” and “goriška” had significantly higher odds for red deer damage compared to the region “osrednjeslovenska”. Cattle breeders in the “primorsko-notranjska” and “gorenjska” regions had significantly higher odds for cattle predation by wolfs than those in the “osrednjeslovenska” region. Farmers who kept sheep and goats on pasture, had significantly higher odds for jackal predation, and cattle farmers higher odds for wolf depredation on their animals, than those who kept their animals in barns with or without outdoor access.
Secondary keywords:	agriculture;wild animals;coexistence;
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE):	1970-01-01
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Oddelek za zootehniko, Magistrsko delo magistrskega študijskega programa 2. stopnje Znanost o živalih
Pages:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (XIII, 85 str., [94] str. pril.))
ID:	23751794