Zanesljivost analize vzorcev krvnih madežev

diplomsko delo visokošolskega študijskega programa Varnost in policijsko delo

Sara Ćulibrk (Author), Boštjan Slak (Mentor)

Abstract

Preiskovanje kraja dejanja je kompleksen postopek, ki v številnih primerih vključuje preiskavo velikega števila sledi. Pri tem ene od pomembnejših sledi predstavljajo biološke sledi, med katere med drugim spada kri. Krvne sledi so pomembne za preiskovalce, saj lahko odkrijejo ogromno informacij o storjenem dejanju. Že oblika krvnih madežev lahko preiskovalcem odkrije veliko o storjenem dejanju. Analiza vzorcev krvnih madežev je tako forenzična tehnika, ki se ukvarja z interpretacijo vzorcev krvnih madežev, pri čemer preiskovalci analizirajo velikost, obliko, porazdelitev in lokacijo krvnih madežev. Z njeno uporabo ugotavljajo okoliščine dejanja, kot so npr. uporabljeno orožje, število potencialnih storilcev, položaj žrtve in storilcev med dejanjem, ali je šlo pri dejanju za umor ali samomor ipd. Čeprav lahko analiza vzorcev krvnih madežev pomembno pomaga pri preiskavah, obstajajo določene polemike in zadržki pri njeni uporabi. In sicer največjo težavo predstavlja dejstvo, da čeprav se ta tehnika že zelo dolgo uporablja kot dokazno gradivo v sodnih postopkih, njena zanesljivost ni znanstveno dovolj preučena in dokazana. Prav tako je težava v tem, da ni vsesplošno sprejetih standardov, usposabljanja, klasifikacije in terminologije, kar dodatno onemogoča ugotavljanje njene zanesljivosti in hkrati dopušča možnost napak. Nedavni strokovni pregledi in raziskave poudarjajo, da je ta forenzična tehnika, zaradi zanašanja na interpretacije strokovnjakov, zelo podvržena subjektivnosti, kontekstualni pristranskosti in napakam. Kljub prizadevanjem po izboljšavi nekaterih vidikov metod preiskovanja vzorcev krvnih madežev z določenimi računalniškimi programi je nekatere izvore napak in določene mere subjektivnosti skoraj nemogoče popolnoma odpraviti.

Keywords

forenzika;kazniva dejanja;stopnja zmotnosti;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2024
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	[S. Ćulibrk]
UDC:	343.983.2(043.2)
COBISS:	198263811
Views:	59
Downloads:	12
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Reliability of bloodstain pattern analysis
Secondary abstract:	A crime scene investigation is a complex process that involves examining a large amount of evidence. One of the most important pieces of evidence is biological evidence, which includes blood. Blood is important to investigators as it can reveal a great deal of information about the crime committed. Even the shape of the bloodstains can tell investigators a lot about the crime. Bloodstain pattern analysis is a forensic technique that deals with the interpretation of bloodstain patterns. Bloodstain pattern analysis helps investigators analyse the size, shape, distribution, and location of bloodstains. Using this technique, investigators can determine the circumstances of the event that occurred, such as the weapon used, number of potential perpetrators, position of the victim and the perpetrators during the event, whether the act was murder or suicide, etc. There are however certain controversies and reservations regarding the use of bloodstain pattern analysis. The biggest problem is the fact that, although this technique has been used as evidence in court proceedings for some time, its reliability has not been sufficiently studied and proven scientifically. Also, there are no universally accepted standards, training requirements, classifications or terminology. This further makes it impossible to determine its reliability, and at the same time allows for the possibility of errors. Recent peer reviews and research highlight that this forensic technique is highly vulnerable to subjectivity, contextual bias and error due to its reliance on expert interpretations. Despite efforts to improve several aspects of bloodstain pattern analysis with computer programs, it is almost impossible to eliminate some sources of error and some degree of subjectivity.
Secondary keywords:	Krvni madeži;Zanesljivost (tehnika);Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Pages:	VIII f., [59] str.
ID:	24168130