diplomsko delo
Edin Hodžić (Author), Tina Gogova (Reviewer), Manca Pajnič (Mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Žilni pristop je bistvenega pomena za hemodializo. Številni pacienti dolgoročno ali kratkoročno potrebujejo osrednji venski kateter za hemodializo, če nimajo funkcionalne arteriovenske fistule. Zapleti, povezani s hemodializnimi katetri, lahko zmanjšajo učinkovitost hemodialize. Medicinske sestre so največ s pacienti in nosijo odgovornost za kakovostno oskrbo hemodializnega katetra. Namen: Namen je predstaviti zdravstveno nego pacientov s hemodializnim katetrom in zaplete, povezane s hemodializnim katetrom, ter opisati vlogo medicinske sestre pri pacientu na hemodializnem zdravljenju. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela s pomočjo pregleda literature. Osredinili smo se na slovensko, angleško, hrvaško in na srbsko literaturo. Podatke smo iskali v podatkovnih bazah: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Schoolar in Cobbiss. Rezultati: Medicinske sestre imajo ključno vlogo pri ocenjevanju, vzpostavljanju, vzdrževanju in pri spremljanju hemodializnega katetra ter pri izobraževanju pacientov. Odgovorne so tudi za prepoznavanje pojava zapletov, povezanih s hemodializnim katetrom, kot so: pnevmotoraks, hematotoraks, poškodovanje arterije, krvavitve, aritmije, zračna embolija, laceracija centralne vene, infekcije, disfunkcija katetra, nastanek fibrinskega plašča, tromboza, slab položaj katetra in stenoza centralne vene. Razprava in zaključek: Z osrednjimi venskimi katetri kot žilnim pristopom za hemodializo so povezani zapleti, ki predstavljajo veliko breme za zdravstvene delavce in zdravstveni sistem. Zaplete delimo na zgodnje in pozne. Zgodnji zapleti so povezani z vstavitvijo osrednjega venskega katetra in so: krvavitev, neuspešna punkcija vene ter poškodbe okolnih struktur, tudi pnevmotoraks. Pozni zapleti pa so: delna ali popolna zamašitev katetra, nastajanje fibrinskih oblog, koagulopatije in okužbe. Tveganje za zaplete, ki so povezani s hemodializnimi katetri, je mogoče nadzorovati z uporabo dobre klinične prakse, s sledenjem smernicam in protokolom ter s spremljanjem kazalnikov kakovosti. Medicinske sestre morajo imeti širok spekter znanja, da lahko zagotavljajo kakovostno hemodializno zdravljenje s pomočjo hemodializnega katetra.

Keywords

diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;dializa;tromboza;sepsa;zdravstvena vzgoja;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [E. Hodžić]
UDC: 616-083
COBISS: 196730883 Link will open in a new window
Views: 81
Downloads: 21
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Nursing care of a patient with a hemodialysis catheter
Secondary abstract: Introduction: Vascular access is essential for hemodialysis. Many patients require a central venous catheter for hemodialysis long-term or short-term if they do not have a functional arteriovenous fistula. Complications related to hemodialysis catheters can reduce the effectiveness of hemodialysis. Nurses spend most of their time with patients and are responsible for quality care of the hemodialysis catheter. Purpose: The purpose is to present the nursing care of patients with a hemodialysis catheter, complications related to a hemodialysis catheter, and to describe the role of a nurse in a patient undergoing hemodialysis treatment. Methods: We used a descriptive work method with the help of aliterature review. We focused on Slovenian, English, Croatian and Serbian literature. Data were searched in the following databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Cobiss. Results: Nurses play a key role in assessing, setting up, maintaining and monitoring the hemodialysis catheter and in patient education. Nurses are also responsible for recognizing the occurrence of complications related to the hemodialysis catheter, such as pneumothorax, hematothorax, arterial damage, bleeding, arrhythmias, air embolism, central vein laceration, infections, catheter dysfunction, fibrin sheath formation, thrombosis, catheter malposition and central vein stenosis. Discussion and conclusion: Central venous catheters as a vascular approach for hemodialysis are associated with complications that place a significant burden on healthcare professionals and the healthcare system. Complications are divided into early and late. Early complications are related to the insertion of a central venous catheter and include bleeding, failed venipuncture, and damage to surrounding structures, including pneumothorax. Late complications are partial or complete clogging of the catheter, the formation of fibrin deposits, coagulopathy, and infections. The risk of complications associated with hemodialysis catheters can be controlled by using good clinical practice, following guidelines and protocols, and monitoring quality indicators. Nurses must have a wide range of knowledge in order to provide quality hemodialysis treatment with the help of a hemodialysis catheter.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;nursing care;dialysis;thrombosis;sepsis;health education;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego
Pages: 37 str.
ID: 24207405