Varnost pacientov

vloga medicinske sestre pri preprečevanju padcev

Živa Vrabec (Author), Mirjam Ravljen (Reviewer), Renata Vettorazzi (Mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Varnost pacientov predstavlja resen javnozdravstveni problem po celem svetu in je ključnega pomena, ko govorimo o kakovostni zdravstveni negi. Kljub strokovnosti zdravstvenega osebja pa lahko pri zdravstveni obravnavi pacienta pride do napak ali nezaželenih dogodkov, ki jih z drugo besedo imenujemo varnostni odkloni. Med ene najpogosteje zabeleženih varnostnih odklonov spadajo prav padci pacientov. Za to, da bi število padcev zmanjšali, moramo poznati vzroke za njihov pojav in metode za njihovo preprečevanje. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pregledom literature identificirati najpogostejše vzroke oziroma dejavnike tveganja, ki privedejo do padcev pri hospitaliziranih pacientih ter poiskati učinkovite metode in intervencije, ki jih lahko uporabijo medicinske sestre pri preprečevanju padcev. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda s pregledom literature. Zbiranje literature je potekalo v spletnih iskalnikih COBISS, PubMed in Google učenjak ter preko spletnega portala Digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani (DiKUL), v času od marca do junija 2023. Pregledali smo 31 člankov, od tega pa 14 najbolj primernih uporabili za analizo v naši raziskavi. Rezultati: Med najpogostejše dejavnike tveganja za padce spadajo padec v preteklosti, starost nad 65 let in dolžina hospitalizacije. Velik vpliv na pojavnost padcev ima tudi pacientovo zdravstveno stanje, kot so bolezni rak, diabetes in hipotenzija. Poleg stanja pacienta pa so lahko dejavniki tveganja povezani tudi z njegovim okoljem in organizacijsko sestavo oziroma delovanjem same bolnišnice. Ugotovili smo, da je padce mogoče preprečiti ali vsaj zmanjšati njihovo število. Kot učinkovit ukrep se je izkazal model za preprečevanje padcev, ki temelji na uporabi plakata »Fall TIPS«. Pozitivno pripomorejo tudi gibalne vaje za izboljšanje ravnotežja, dodatno izobraževanje medicinskih sester in preprečevanje dejavnikov tveganja, kot so spolzka tla, slaba razsvetljava in uporaba varnostnih ograjic. Razprava in zaključek: Preprečevanje padcev je kompleksen proces. Število in izobraženost kadra zdravstvene nege pomembno vpliva na kakovost dela in varnost pacientov. Padci pacientov predstavljajo velik delež varnostnih odklonov, ki se pojavljajo v zdravstvu, zato je njihovo preprečevanje ključnega pomena za izboljšanje kakovosti zdravstvene obravnave.

Keywords

diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;varnost pacientov;kakovost zdravstvene obravnave;padci pacientov;preprečevanje padcev;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2024
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher:	[Ž. Vrabec]
UDC:	616-083
COBISS:	199311875
Views:	44
Downloads:	11
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Patient safety
Secondary abstract:	Introduction: Patient safety represents a serious public health issue worldwide and it is crucial when it comes to quality healthcare. Despite the professionalism of healthcare staff, errors or undesired events, termed as safety incidents, can occur during patient care. Among the most frequently recorded safety incidents are patient falls. In order to reduce the number of falls, it is essential to understand the causes and methods for their prevention. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify, through a literature review, the most common causes or risk factors leading to falls in hospitalized patients and to explore effective methods and interventions that nurses can use in preventing falls. Methods: A descriptive method was used through a review of professional and scientific literature. Literature gathering took place using online search engines such as COBISS, PubMed, and Google Scholar, as well as through the online portal of the Digital Library of the University of Ljubljana (DiKUL), from March to June 2023. We reviewed 31 articles, of which 14 were deemed most suitable and utilized for analysis in our research. Results: Among the most common risk factors for falls are a history of falls, age over 65, and length of hospitalization. The patient's health condition, such as diseases like cancer, diabetes, and hypotension, also significantly influences the occurrence of falls. In addition to the patient's condition, risk factors may also be related to their environment and the organizational composition or functioning of the hospital itself. We found that falls can be prevented or at least their number reduced. An effective measure proved to be a fall prevention model based on the use of the »Fall TIPS« poster. Balance-improving exercises, additional education for nurses, and prevention of risk factors such as slippery floors, poor lighting, and the use of safety rails also contribute positively. Discussion and conclusion: Fall prevention is a complex process. The number and education level of nursing staff significantly influence the quality of work and patient safety. Patient falls represent a significant portion of safety incidents occurring in healthcare, making their prevention crucial for improving the quality of healthcare delivery.
Secondary keywords:	diploma theses;nursing care;patient safety;quality of healthcare delivery;patient falls;fall prevention;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego
Pages:	28 str.
ID:	24373253