Medvrstniško nasilje v osnovni šoli

magistrsko delo

Sara Smerdel (Author), Gorazd Meško (Mentor)

Abstract

Medvrstniško nasilje je opredeljeno kot fizični, verbalni, psihološki napad ali ustrahovanje v fizično - psihološko neenakem okolju, ki se izvaja namerno, prostovoljno in sistematično v presledkih proti šibkejšim vrstnikom z namenom povzročiti strah in tesnobo ter škodo pri žrtvi. Pojavlja se med otroci in mladostniki na vseh stopnjah izobraževanja. Največje tveganje je v skupini mladostnikov med 13 in 15 letom. Za medvrstniško nasilje je značilna socialna izključenost ter fizično in verbalno ustrahovanje. Pri nasilju ločimo neposredno ali vidno nasilje, ki se kaže v verbalnem in fizičnem nasilju in posredno, manj vidno nasilje, kjer prednjači socialna izključenost. Dejavniki, ki prispevajo k ustrahovanju so na splošno razdeljeni v tri glavne skupine: individualni, družinski in šolski. Medvrstniško nasilje v šoli ima močan vpliv na učne dosežke učencev in na njihovo fizično in psihično zdravje, kar se lahko nadaljuje tudi kasneje, zato mora biti ugotavljanje vzrokov za medvrstniško nasilje v šolah in izvajanje učinkovitih ukrepov za njegovo preprečevanje primarna naloga vseh, saj bomo le tako dosegli, da otroci in mladostniki ne bi bili žrtve medvrstniškega nasilja.Teoretična izhodišča so uporabljena na raziskavi pojavnosti medvrstniškega nasilja med učenci od 5. do 9. razreda Osnovne šole Ivana Cankarja na Vrhniki. Osnovne značilnosti medvrstniškega nasilja med učenci ne odstopajo bistveno od splošnih ugotovitev, ki veljajo za večino osnovnih šol. Medvrstniškemu nasilju je bilo vsaj enkrat izpostavljeno več kot tri četrtine dijakov, od teh le malo več kot 8 odstotkov večkrat na teden. Petina dijakov z nasiljem ni imelo stika. Med učenci prevladuje verbalno nasilje, fizičnega nasilja je malo in presenetljivo, ob veliki razširjenosti rabe elektronskih naprav in družbenih omrežij, le to ni pogosto orodje za izvajanje medvrstniškega nasilja. Tako učenci kot učitelji težavo prepoznavajo in so tudi pripravljeni v šolskem okolju biti dejavni pri omejevanju in izkoreninjanju medvrstniškega nasilja.

Keywords

medvrstniško nasilje;napadalci;opazovalci;magistrska dela;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2024
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	[S. Smerdel]
UDC:	364.632-057.874(043.2)
COBISS:	205486595
Views:	23
Downloads:	2
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Bullying in elementary school
Secondary abstract:	The term bullying at school refers to a repetitive aggressive action by physically stronger pupils against weaker ones. The main goal of this behaviour is to intimidate the victims. Such behaviour is observed among pupils of all ages and stages of education. The group most susceptible for it is a group of young between 13 and 15 years of age. At bullying, we find the social deprivation of perpetrators wishing to put the victims into subordinate positions by conducting emotional, verbal and even physical violence. In this context, we can observe direct violence, demonstrating physical and verbal activities and less obvious or indirect violence related to social deprivation. There are three factors of bullying at school: (1) perpetrator, his family environment and also that of a (2) victim and (3) the school and its surroundings. Bullying at school affects the physical and psychological health of pupils and their school results and, if the process is not tended to and confined, it can cause social and personality problems in their later life. This influence of bullying at school is one of the reasons of forming a dysfunctional society and the main reason and necessity why bullying must be recognized as a threat and must be treated as such by all the counterparts. The theoretical foundations were then put into test with a conducting of a survey among the population of the pupils attending fifth to ninth grade of the elementary school Ivan Cankar at the city of Vrhnika. In general, the behaviour of the young in this study does not differ much from the generally known facts about the behaviour and bullying between students in schools in Slovenia. There were at least three quarters of student that have had some sort of experience with bullying, but only 8 per cent of them were victims more than once a week and still there is 21 per cent of students that never been bullied. There is mostly verbal violence present, the real physical violence among students is rare. Surprisingly, we do not find the high rate of using electronic devices and social networks are the means of conducting any sort of bullying at school. The final conclusion is that pupils and the teachers recognize the bullying at school and they both are prepared to take their part in the activities for the reduction of it.
Secondary keywords:	Mladina in nasilje;Otroci in nasilje;Žrtve;Osnovne šole;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Pages:	VIII f., [86] str.
ID:	24824347