diplomsko delo
Sergeja Biderman (Author), Elvira Maličev (Mentor)

Abstract

Zunajcelični vezikli so naravni nanodelci, obdani z lipidno ovojnico, ki jih celice sproščajo v medcelični prostor, in igrajo ključno vlogo pri medcelični komunikaciji in odstranjevanju snovi iz celice. Razdeljeni so v tri glavne skupine: eksosome, mikrovezikle in apoptotična telesca, ki se razlikujejo po velikosti, izvoru in biogenezi. Njihova sestava vključuje lipide, beljakovine, RNA in druge bioaktivne molekule. Za izolacijo veziklov se uporabljajo različne tehnike, kot so ultracentrifugiranje, mikrofiltriranje, imunoafinitetna izolacija in mikrofluidne naprave. Pri analizi veziklov uporabljamo fizikalne karakterizacije, določamo njihovo koncentracijo in proteinsko sestavo. Zunajcelični vezikli so obetavni biooznačevalci za številne bolezni, saj je iz njih mogoče pridobiti veliko bioloških informacij na ne-invaziven način, saj se ti nahajajo tudi v telesnih tekočinah, kot so urin, slina in kri. Zaradi svoje stabilnosti in lastnosti, da odražajo stanje izvorne celice, lahko vezikle uporabljamo za zgodnje odkrivanje bolezni, spremljanje napredovanja bolezni ali odziva na zdravljenje. Vendar detekcijo zunajceličnih veziklov še vedno otežuje njihova majhnost. Zato bo treba obstoječe laboratorijske metode prilagoditi, da bodo uporabne za analize majhnih in raznolikih delcev, oziroma razviti nove tehnike. V delu sta predstavljena povezava veziklov z boleznijo in njihov potencial pri nevrodegenerativnih, avtoimunih, nalezljivih in rakavih boleznih.

Keywords

zunajcelični vezikli;eksosomi;mikrovezikli;apoptotična telesca;izolacija;analiza;nevrodegenerativne bolezni;avtoimune bolezni;nalezljive bolezni;rakave bolezni;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher: [S. Biderman]
UDC: 606:616-079:601.2:544.77.022.533:576.3(043.2)
COBISS: 206492931 Link will open in a new window
Views: 53
Downloads: 8
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Extracellular vesicles as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers
Secondary abstract: Extracellular vesicles are natural nanoparticles surrounded by a lipid envelope that are released into the intercellular space by cells and play a key role in intercellular communication and the removal of substances from the cell. They are divided into three main groups: exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, differing in size, origin, and biogenesis. Their composition includes lipids, proteins, RNA, and other bioactive molecules. Various techniques are used to isolate vesicles, such as ultracentrifugation, microfiltration, immunoaffinity isolation, and microfluidic devices. The analysis of vesicles involves physical characterization, determination of their concentration, and protein composition. Extracellular vesicles are promising biomarkers for many diseases as they can provide a wealth of biological information in a non-invasive way, as they are also found in body fluids such as urine, saliva, and blood. Because of their stability and ability to reflect the state of the stem cell, vesicles can be used for early disease detection, monitoring disease progression, or response to treatment. Their small size still hampers the detection of extracellular vesicles. Therefore, existing laboratory methods will need to be adapted to be useful for the analysis of small and diverse particles, or new techniques will need to be developed. The association of vesicles with disease and their potential in neurodegenerative, autoimmune, infectious, and cancerous diseases are reviewed.
Secondary keywords: extracellular vesicles;exosomes;microvesicles;apoptotic bodies;isolation;analysis;neurodegenerative diseases;autoimmune diseases;infectious diseases;cancerous diseases;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Študij biotehnologije
Pages: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (V, 21 str.))
ID: 24870416