Mestni toplotni otok in njegov vpliv na fenološki razvoj

diplomsko delo

Monika Boshnakoska (Author), Tjaša Pogačar (Reviewer), Zalika Črepinšek (Mentor)

Abstract

Učinek mestnega toplotnega otoka je pojav, za katerega so značilne višje temperature v mestih, medtem ko so temperature na bližnjem podeželju nižje. Zaradi vse večje gostote pozidave in zadrževanja toplote v mestu zaradi človekove dejavnosti se spreminja energijska bilanca in prihaja do razlike med temperaturo v mestu in na podeželju. Fenologija preučuje zakonitosti periodičnih pojavov v razvojnem ciklu rastlin in živali in ugotavlja njihovo odvisnost od dejavnikov okolja. Največji vpliv na fenološke faze rastlin v zmernih geografskih širinah ima temperatura zraka. Z višanjem temperature v mestih se spreminjajo datumi nastopa fenoloških faz, spomladanske fenofaze se pričnejo zgodneje, jesenske pa kasneje, kar podaljšuje trajanje rastne sezone. Drugi dejavniki, kot so padavine, koncentracija CO2, splošna onesnaženost zraka, svetlobno onesnaženje, imajo prav tako pomemben vpliv na fenologijo rastlin in drugih vrst. Povišana koncentracija CO2 v mestih je predvsem zaradi veliko virov CO2, kar se kaže v hitrejšem začetku rastne sezone in podaljšanju dolžine rastne sezone. Količina padavin v kombinaciji s temperaturami vpliva na spremenjen čas fenofaz, ob večjih količinah padavin je bil začetek rastne sezone zgodnejši, ob sušnih razmerah pa kasnejši. Vpliv na fenološki razvoj ima tudi izpostavljenost rastlin onesnaževalom, kot so dušikovi oksidi ali ozon, kar je vplivalo na zamik začetka in konca sezone. Izpostavljenost rastlin umetni svetlobi v mestih v nočnem času pospeši začetek spomladanskih fenofaz, pomembno pa vpliva tudi na fenologijo žuželk. Fenološki premiki v zadnjih letih kažejo veliko povezanost z globalnim segrevanjem, zato nam lahko raziskave spremenjenih fenoloških vzorcev pomagajo pri napovedovanju prihodnjih globalnih sprememb podnebja ter pri ugotavljanju, kako se lahko rastline in druge vrste prilagodijo tem spremembam.

Keywords

mestni toplotni otok;fenologija;temperatura;padavine;podnebne spremembe;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2024
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher:	[M. Boshnakoska]
UDC:	551.58:711.417:581.54(043.2)
COBISS:	207652099
Views:	34
Downloads:	8
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	The urban heat island and it’s influence on phenological development
Secondary abstract:	The urban heat island effect is a phenomenon characterized by higher temperatures in cities, while temperatures in nearby rural areas are lower. Due to the increasing building density and the heat load in the city caused by human activities, the energy balance changes and a difference between the temperature in the city and in rural areas arises. Phenology studies the periodic phenomena in the development cycle of plants and animals and determines their dependence on environmental factors. Air temperature has the greatest influence on the phenological phases of plants in temperate latitudes. As the temperature rises in cities, the dates for the start of the phenological phases change. The spring phases start earlier and the fall phases later, extending the duration of the growing season. Other factors such as precipitation, CO2 concentration, general air pollution and light pollution also have a significant impact on the phenology of plants and other species. Elevated CO2 concentrations in cities are mainly due to the many sources of CO2, which translates into a faster onset of the growing season and an extension of the growing season. The amount of precipitation in combination with temperatures affects the change in the timing of the phenophases. With higher precipitation, the start of the vegetation period was earlier, but later in dry conditions. Phenological development is also influenced by the exposure of plants to pollutants such as nitrogen oxides or ozone, which affected the delay in the start and end of the season. Nocturnal exposure of plants to artificial light in cities accelerates the onset of spring phenophases and also has a significant impact on insect phenology. Phenological shifts in recent years show a strong correlation with global warming, so studying changing phenological patterns can help us predict future global climate changes and determine how plants and other species may adapt to these changes.
Secondary keywords:	urban heat island;phenology;temperature;precipitation;climate change;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme:	0
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Oddelek za agronomijo
Pages:	1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (VI, 18 str.))
ID:	25050727