Napake v spominu in pričanje na sodišču

magistrsko delo

Sara Marija Loparič (Author), Igor Areh (Mentor)

Abstract

Napake spomina so zapleteni pojavi, ki se prepletajo s pravnimi, družbenimi in kulturnimi vidiki ter močno vplivajo na dojemanje resnice, pravice in kolektivnega spomina. V pravnem kontekstu je pričanje očividcev temeljni dokaz, vendar je dovzetno za različne oblike napak, vključno z napačno identifikacijo, kontaminacijo spomina in sugestibilnostjo. Zanašanje na pričanje očividcev v pravnih postopkih predstavlja velik izziv, saj lahko izkrivljanje spomina in pristranskost privedeta do krivičnih obsodb in sodnih zmot. Lažni spomini, ki jih pogosto oblikujejo tehnike zasliševanja, družbeni pritisk in predstavljanje zavajajočih informacij, lahko privedejo do napačnih priznanj, kar še dodatno otežuje iskanje pravice. Pravni sistemi se spopadajo z izzivom ocenjevanja zanesljivosti pričanja očividcev in preprečevanja, da bi napake v spominu spodkopale celovitost sodnih izidov. Kulturni in družbeni dejavniki imajo ključno vlogo pri oblikovanju spominskih procesov in vplivajo na dovzetnost za napake v spominu. Kulturna prepričanja, kolektivne pripovedi in družbene norme lahko vplivajo na kodiranje, shranjevanje in priklic spomina, zaradi česar se natančnost spomina v različnih kulturnih skupinah razlikuje. Prepletanje napak v spominu s pravnimi, socialnimi in kulturnimi vidiki predstavlja zapletene izzive in priložnosti za reševanje vprašanj, povezanih z natančnostjo in zanesljivostjo spomina. Razumevanje vloge spominskih napak v teh kontekstih je bistveno za spodbujanje pravičnosti, odgovornosti in zgodovinske resnice. Pravni, družbeni in kulturni sistemi se morajo spoprijeti z zapletenostjo točnosti spomina in hkrati podpirati načela pravičnosti, integritete in vključenosti. S prepoznavanjem vpliva kognitivnih, družbenih in kulturnih dejavnikov na spominske procese lahko zainteresirane strani razvijejo strategije za ublažitev spominskih napak, povečanje natančnosti spomina in spodbujanje večjega zaupanja v pravne, družbene in zgodovinske pripovedi. Končno je za obravnavo napak v spominu potreben multidisciplinarni pristop, ki združuje spoznanja psihologije, nevroznanosti, prava, sociologije in kulturnih študij. V zaključni nalogi smo se osredotočili na različne vrste napak v spominu in njihove posledice. Namen je preučiti vpliv čustev in stresa na natančnost spomina ter raziskati, kako se težave s spominom pojavljajo v teh situacijah, preučiti dejavnike, ki vplivajo na zanesljivost pričanja in sodnih procesov, povezanih s spomini, oceniti strategije za izboljšanje natančnosti spomina in preprečevanje napak.

Keywords

pričanje;magistrska dela;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2024
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	[S. M. Loparič]
UDC:	159.9:340.6(043.2)
COBISS:	209103875
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Downloads:	0
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Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Memory errors and testifying in court
Secondary abstract:	Memory lapses are complex phenomena that intersect with legal, social and cultural aspects and have a profound impact on perceptions of truth, justice and collective memory. In a legal context, eyewitness testimony is fundamental evidence, but is susceptible to various forms of error, including misidentification, contamination of memory and suggestibility. Reliance on eyewitness testimony in legal proceedings poses a major challenge, as memory distortion and bias can lead to wrongful convictions and miscarriages of justice. False memories, often shaped by interrogation techniques, social pressure and the presentation of misleading information, can lead to false confessions, further complicating the search for justice. Legal systems face the challenge of assessing the reliability of eyewitness testimony and preventing memory errors from undermining the integrity of judicial outcomes. Cultural and social factors play a key role in shaping memory processes and influencing susceptibility to memory errors. Cultural beliefs, collective narratives and social norms can influence the encoding, storage and retrieval of memory, resulting in differences in memory accuracy across cultural groups. The interplay of memory errors with legal, social and cultural aspects presents complex challenges and opportunities to address issues related to memory accuracy and reliability. Understanding the role of memory errors in these contexts is essential to promote justice, accountability and historical truth. Legal, social and cultural systems need to address the complexity of the accuracy of memory while upholding the principles of justice, integrity and inclusiveness. By recognising the influence of cognitive, social and cultural factors on memory processes, stakeholders can develop strategies to mitigate memory errors, increase memory accuracy and promote greater trust in legal, social and historical narratives. Ultimately, a multidisciplinary approach combining insights from psychology, neuroscience, law, sociology and cultural studies is needed to address memory errors. In this assignment, we focus on different types of memory errors and their consequences. The aim is to examine the impact of emotions and stress on memory accuracy and to investigate how memory problems arise in these situations. To examine the factors that influence the reliability of testimony and memory-related trials and to assess strategies to improve memory accuracy and to prevent errors.
Secondary keywords:	Sodišča;Priče;Sodna psihologija;Motnje spomina;Sindrom lažnih spominov;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Pages:	VI f., 68 str.
ID:	25151682