(magistrsko diplomsko delo)
Eva Žnidaršič (Author), Marko Kambič (Mentor)

Abstract

Zametki koncepta kreditiranja, kot ga poznamo danes, segajo že v čas rimskega prava. Mnoge koncepte kreditiranja, kot so pogodbe o posojilu, zastavni pravici, obresti in tožbe za vračilo dolga, je namreč razvilo že rimsko pravo. Za gospodarsko dejavnost v rimskem imperiju je bila najpomembnejša brezoblična pogodba mutuum, ki je bila najstarejši realni kontrakt. Pogodbeno razmerje je nastalo z brezoblično izročitvijo določenega denarnega zneska ali količine nadomestnih stvari v lastnino posojilojemalca, pri čemer sta se stranki hkrati dogovorili, da bo posojilojemalec posojilodajalcu vrnil isti denarni znesek oziroma isto količino enakovrstnih stvari. V Republiki Sloveniji poznamo različne vrste kreditiranja, ki so namenjene fizičnim osebam ali podjetjem. Vrste se razlikujejo glede na namen, pogoje in vrsto zavarovanja. Kreditiranje po sodobnem slovenskem pravu je regulirano skozi različne zakonske okvirje, ki urejajo pogoje za sklepanje posojilnih pogodb, kreditnih pogodb, varstvo potrošnikov in obrestne mere. Obligacijski zakonik opredeljuje posojilno pogodbo kot pogodbo, s katero se posojilodajalec zavezuje, da bo posojilojemalcu izročil določen znesek denarja ali določeno količino drugih nadomestnih stvari, posojilojemalec pa se zavezuje, da mu bo po določenem času vrnil enak znesek denarja oziroma enako količino stvari iste vrste in kakovosti. Sodobno slovensko pravo, v primerjavi z rimskim, kreditiranje ureja z več različnimi zakoni, kreditna razmerja pa so urejena bistveno podrobneje, kar je razvidno predvsem iz ureditve potrošniškega kreditiranja. Podrobnejša ureditev potrošniškega kreditiranja je posledica izkazane potrebe po zaščiti potrošnikov, saj na trgu nastopajo kot šibkejši udeleženci. V nasprotju s kreditiranjem potrošnikov, ki je urejeno s posebnim zakonom, pa kreditiranja poslovnih subjektov, tj. subjektov, ki delujejo v okviru poklicne ali pridobitne dejavnosti, ne ureja poseben zakon. Za sklepanje kreditnih pogodb se uporabljajo splošna pravila obligacijskega prava.

Keywords

kredit;rimsko pravo;mutuum;stipulacija;posojilna pogodba;varstvo potrošnikov;potrošniško kreditiranje;kreditna pogodba;obresti;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher: [E. Žnidaršič]
UDC: 34(091)(043.2)
COBISS: 223626755 Link will open in a new window
Views: 94
Downloads: 22
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Credit under Roman and modern Slovenian law
Secondary abstract: The origins of the concept of credit as we know it today date back to the time of Roman law. Many credit concepts, such as loan contracts, pledges, interest, and claims for debt repayment, were developed by Roman law. The most significant contract for economic activity in the Roman Empire was the informal mutuum contract, one of the oldest real contracts. A contractual relationship was formed by the informal transfer of a certain amount of money or a quantity of replaceable items into the ownership of the borrower, with both parties simultaneously agreeing that the borrower would return the same amount of money or the same quantity of equivalent items to the lender. In the Republic of Slovenia, various types of credit are available for individuals or businesses. These types differ according to their purpose, conditions, and type of collateral. Credit under modern Slovenian law is regulated by various legal frameworks that govern the conditions for concluding loan contracts, credit agreements, consumer protection, and interest rates. The Obligations Code defines a loan agreement as a contract in which the lender commits to providing a certain amount of money or a specified quantity of other replaceable items to the borrower, who, in turn, commits to returning the same amount of money or the same quantity of items of the same type and quality after a certain period. Compared to Roman law, modern Slovenian law regulates credit through a variety of laws, and credit relationships are much more detailed, especially evident in the regulation of consumer credit. The detailed regulation of consumer credit is a result of the demonstrated need to protect consumers in the economy, as they are considered weaker participants in the market. In contrast, the crediting of business entities, i.e., those operating within a profession or for-profit activities, is not regulated by a specific law. For the conclusion of credit agreements, the general rules of obligation law apply.
Secondary keywords: credit;Roman law;mutuum;stipulation;loan agreement;consumer protection;credit agreements for consumers;credit contract/agreement;interest;
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Pravna fak.
Pages: 39 f.
ID: 25668221