diplomsko delo
Sara Može (Author), Sabina Berne (Reviewer), Jernej Jakše (Mentor)

Abstract

Svetovna populacija nenehno narašča in s tem tudi povpraševanje po večji količini in kakovosti pridelane hrane. Glavni problem predstavljajo negativni učinki globalnih podnebnih sprememb, ki zmanjšujejo obseg kmetijskih površin, zato sodobno kmetijstvo išče rešitve, ki bi zagotovile zanesljivo preskrbo s hrano in trajnostni razvoj v svetu. Epigenetika je veja genetike, ki preučuje dejavnike, ki povzročajo spremembe v izražanju genov, ki niso povezane s spremembami zaporedja nukleotidov v DNA. Pogosto so epigenetske spremembe dedne in lahko modulirajo rast rastlin in njihovo toleranco kot odziv na okoljske dražljaje, vključno s podnebnimi spremembami. V diplomskem delu so predstavljeni epigenetski mehanizmi, natančneje metilacija DNA, modifikacije histonov in transpozonski elementi, ki uravnavajo strukturo kromatina. Pregled literature opisuje tudi orodja in pristope za indukcijo epigenetskih modifikacij za izboljšanje kmetijskih rastlin in pridelka. Opisani so pristopi za spreminjanje rastlinskega epigenoma, kot so tehnike tkivnih kultur, mutacije, cepljenje, kemične obdelave in pristopi, ki zajemajo biotske in abiotske strese, ter tehnike, ki temeljijo na molekularni RNA, kot sta RNA-interferenca in tehnologija gruče enakomerno prekinjenih kratkih palindromskih ponovitev (CRISPR). Na koncu so na kratko predstavljeni izzivi v epigenetiki in njeni uporabi v prihodnosti.

Keywords

genetika;epigenetika;rastline;epigenetski mehanizmi;metilacija DNA;modifikacije histonov;transpozonski elementi;RNA-interferenca;CRISPR;tkivne kulture;mutacije;abiotski stres;biotski stres;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher: [S. Može]
UDC: 601.4:606:631.528(043.2)
COBISS: 223703299 Link will open in a new window
Views: 67
Downloads: 26
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Improving agricultural plants with epigenetic modifications
Secondary abstract: As the world population continues to grow, so too does the demand for more and better quality food. The main challenges are the negative effects of global climate change, which is reducing the amount of available arable land, so modern agricultural practices are searching for solutions that would ensure a reliable food supply and contribute to sustainable development in the world. Epigenetics, a branch of genetics that studies alterations in gene expression that are not related to changes in the DNA sequence, may be one of the possible solutions for improving food yields that are continuously affected by climate change. Epigenetic changes are often heritable and can modulate plant growth and crop tolerance in response to environmental stimuli. This thesis describes epigenetic mechanisms, specifically DNA methylation, histone modifications and transposon elements that regulate chromatin structure. There is an overview of tools and approaches used to induce epigenetic modifications for crop improvement. In addition, approaches to modify the plant epigenome, such as tissue culture techniques, mutations, grafting, chemical treatments and approaches involving biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as RNA-based molecular techniques such as RNA-interference and CRISPR technology, are summarized. Lastly, possible solutions to the challenges and their future applications are briefly presented.
Secondary keywords: genetics;epigenetics;plants;epigenetic mechanisms;DNA methylation;histone modifications;transposon elements;RNA interference;CRISPR;tissue cultures;mutations;abiotic stress;biotic stress;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Oddelek za agronomijo
Pages: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (VII, 18 str.))
ID: 25762594