magistrsko delo
Dorotej Černela (Author), Mateja Germ (Reviewer), Gregor Belušič (Mentor)

Abstract

Ancestralni barvni vid žuželk, ki temelji na UV, modro in zeleno občutljivih čutnicah, ne omogoča zanesljive zaznave rdečih cvetov. Zato so opraševalci rastlin s cvetovi, ki reflektirajo v rdečem delu spektra, razvili specializirane, rdeče občutljive čutnice. Najbolj značilna rdeče cvetoča rastlina v Evropi je poljski mak (Papaver rhoeas), enoletnica, ki izvira iz vzhodnega Mediterana in se je s pomočjo človeka, predvsem na račun poljedelstva, med žiti širila naprej izven meje svojega naravnega areala. S spremembo klime se spremenita tako flora kot favna, zato se je moral poljski mak prilagoditi in postati viden novemu naboru opraševalcev. V vzhodnem in južnem delu Evrope vrsto oprašujejo hrošči iz družine Glaphyridae, ki izven Mediterana niso prisotni. Ti hrošči imajo ustrezen nabor čutnic, da lahko prepoznavajo rdeče odtenke. V srednji Evropi teh hroščev ni, zato je mak razvil cvetove s spremenjenim refleksijskim spektrom, z dodatnim vrhom refleksije v ultravijoličnem, in postal viden ostalim učinkovitim opraševalcem, kot so kožekrilci. Na terenu smo raziskali transekt vzdolž severne jadranske obale in ob Skadrskem jezeru našli ločnico, ki razmejuje dve različici cvetov pri poljskem maku. Našli smo cvetove z nizko in druge z visoko refleksijo v UV delu spektra. Na južnem delu jezera uspeva mak z nizko refleksijo v UV; na tem območju so prisotni tudi glafiridni hrošči, severno od jezera pa hrošči iz te družine niso prisotni, uspeva pa mak z visoko refleksijo v UV. Rezultati kažejo na izjemno tesno zvezo med vidnimi signali na rastlinah in vidom opraševalcev.

Keywords

poljski mak;preobčutljivostni odgovor;redoks stanje;spekter cvetov;barvni vid;fotoreceptor;Glaphyridae;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UL BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher: [D. Černela]
UDC: 582.652.21:595.79:581.162.3(043.2)
COBISS: 228262659 Link will open in a new window
Views: 24
Downloads: 2
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Spectral changes in red flowers that enable interactions with the pollinators
Secondary abstract: The ancestral colour vision of insects, based on UV, blue and green sensitive sensory organs, does not allow reliable detection of red flowers. Therefore, pollinators of plants with flowers that reflect in the red part of the spectrum have developed specialised, redsensitive sensilla. The most typical red-flowering plant in Europe is the field poppy (Papaver rhoeas), an annual native to the eastern Mediterranean, which has spread beyond its natural range with the help of man, especially agriculture, among crops. As the climate changes, both flora and fauna change, and the field poppy has had to adapt and become visible to a new range of pollinators. In eastern and southern Europe, the species is pollinated by beetles of the family Glaphyridae, which are absent outside the Mediterranean. These beetles have the specialized photoreceptors to detect red colours. In central Europe these beetles are not present, therefore the poppy has evolved flowers with a modified reflectance spectrum, with an additional peak in the ultraviolet, and thus has become visible to other effective pollinators such as Hymenopterans. We surveyed a transect along the north Adriatic coast and found a natural border at Lake Skadar that separates the two flower variants in the field poppy. We found flowers with low and others with high reflectance in the UV part of the spectrum. In the southern part of the lake the poppies have low UV reflectance and the glaphyrid beetles are present, while north of the lake, the beetles from this family are absent and the poppies have evolved a high UV reflectance. The results show an extremely close relationship between visual signals on plants and pollinator vision.
Secondary keywords: field poppy;flower spectrum;colour vision;photoreceptor;Glaphyridae;
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Embargo end date (OpenAIRE): 1970-01-01
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fak., Oddelek za biologijo, Magistrsko delo magistrskega študijskega programa 2. stopnje Ekologija in biodiverziteta
Pages: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (IX, 41 str.))
ID: 26026485