diplomsko delo
Nejc Lesjak (Author), Silvia Žižek (Author), Tina Starc (Reviewer), Erna Huskić (Mentor), Alenka Matjašič (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Nuklearnomedicinske preiskave igrajo ključno vlogo pri diagnosticiranju in spremljanju bolezni pri otrocih, saj omogočajo zgodnje odkrivanje in natančno oceno patoloških procesov. Pri pediatričnih bolnikih je ključno upoštevati posebnosti, kot so nižja telesna teža, večja občutljivost na ionizirajoče sevanje ter potreba po sedaciji pri določenih preiskavah. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil s sistematičnim pregledom literature raziskati pomen in posebnosti nuklearnomedicinskih preiskav pri otrocih. Osredotočili smo se na različne slikovne metode, uporabo različnih radiofarmakov in prilagoditve le-teh, optimizacijo doz sevanja ter vlogo sedacije in anestezije pri izvedbi preiskav. Metode dela: Diplomsko delo temelji na sistematičnem pregledu znanstvene literature. Iskanje virov smo izvedli v podatkovnih bazah PubMed, ScienceDirect in Journal of Nuclear Medicine. Uporabili smo vključitvene in izključitvene kriterije, pri čemer smo analizirali aktualne raziskave, objavljene v zadnjih petih letih. Rezultati: Pregled literature je pokazal, da se v pediatrični nuklearni medicini vse bolj uveljavljajo tehnološke inovacije, kot so LAFOV PET/CT in PET/MRI, ki omogočajo manjšo izpostavljenost sevanju in hitrejšo izvedbo slikanja, kar pomeni, da otroci manj časa preživijo v diagnostičnem postopku, posledično pa se zmanjša tudi potreba po sedaciji. Prav tako smo ugotovili, da prilagajanje protokolov za odmerjanje radiofarmakov omogoča zmanjšanje nepotrebne obremenitve s sevanjem, saj se odmerek določi glede na telesno težo in starost otroka, kar zagotavlja večjo varnost in natančnost preiskav. Sedacija in anestezija ostajata pomemben dejavnik pri izvedbi nekaterih preiskav, vendar raziskave nakazujejo, da lahko z ustreznimi nefarmakološkimi pristopi zmanjšamo njihovo uporabo. Razprava in zaključek: Ugotovitve kažejo, da je pri pediatričnih bolnikih ključnega pomena iskanje ravnovesja med kakovostjo diagnostičnih slik in minimalno izpostavljenostjo sevanju. Razvoj novih slikovnih metod in prilagojenih protokolov omogoča večjo varnost in udobje za otroke. Kljub napredku na področju tehnologije in optimizacije protokolov ostaja potreba po dodatnih raziskavah, ki bi prispevale k še bolj individualiziranemu pristopu in izboljšanju izkušenj mladih pacientov. Nuklearna medicina tako ostaja ključno področje, ki s tehnološkim napredkom in multidisciplinarnim pristopom odpira nove možnosti za izboljšanje pediatrične zdravstvene oskrbe.

Keywords

diplomska dela;radiološka tehnologija;nuklearna medicina;pediatrija;PET/CT;PET/MRI;optimizacija doz;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [N. Lesjak : S. Žižek]
UDC: 616-07
COBISS: 233224451 Link will open in a new window
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Downloads: 23
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Pediatric nuclear medicine examinations - literature review
Secondary abstract: Introduction: Nuclear medicine examinations play a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring diseases in children, enabling early detection and accurate assessment of pathological processes. In pediatric patients, it is essential to consider specific factors such as lower body weight, increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation, and the need for sedation in certain procedures. Purpose: The aim of this thesis was to systematically review the literature to explore the significance and specific aspects of nuclear medicine examinations in children. The focus was on various imaging techniques, the use and adaptation of different radiopharmaceuticals, dose optimization, and the role of sedation and anesthesia in conducting these procedures. Methods: This thesis is based on a systematic review of scientific literature. Source searches were conducted in databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Journal of Nuclear Medicine. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and relevant studies published in the last five years were analyzed. Results: The literature review revealed that technological innovations, such as LAFOV PET/CT and PET/MRI, are increasingly being implemented in pediatric nuclear medicine. These advancements enable reduced radiation exposure and faster imaging, allowing children to spend less time undergoing diagnostic procedures and, consequently, decreasing the need for sedation. Additionally, it was found that adapting radiopharmaceutical dosing protocols reduces unnecessary radiation exposure, as doses are determined based on the child’s body weight and age, ensuring greater safety and accuracy. Sedation and anesthesia remain important factors for certain procedures; however, research suggests that appropriate non-pharmacological approaches can help reduce their use. Discussion and conclusion: Findings indicate that balancing diagnostic image quality with minimal radiation exposure is of utmost importance in pediatric patients. The development of new imaging methods and tailored protocols enhances both safety and comfort for children. Despite technological advancements and protocol optimization, further research is needed to support a more individualized approach and improve young patients' experiences. Nuclear medicine remains a key field, where technological progress and a multidisciplinary approach continue to create new opportunities for improving pediatric healthcare.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;radiologic technology;nuclear medicine;pediatrics;PET/CT;PET/MRI;dose optimization;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za radiološko tehnologijo
Pages: 43 str.
ID: 26235567