diplomsko delo
Marija Nakrst (Author), Andreja Mihelič Zajec (Reviewer), Tina Gogova (Mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Rak dojke je v razvitem svetu najpogostejši rak pri ženskah. Prisotnost dedne okvare genov povzroča večjo verjetnost za pojav raka. Pri pacientkah, ki imajo večje tveganje za okvaro teh genov, se lahko naredi genetsko testiranje, v primeru pozitivnega rezultata pa se pacientke lahko odločijo za preventivno mastektomijo, ki zmanjšuje tveganje za nastanek raka dojk. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pregledom literature predstaviti preventivno mastektomijo pri genetsko ogroženih ženskah za pojav raka na dojkah ter vlogo medicinske sestre pri tem. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom literature. Literaturo smo iskali s pomočjo DiKul, po bibliografskih zbirkah Medline, PubMed in Cinahl. Izbor strokovne in znanstvene literature smo omejili na prosto dostopne članke objavljene med letom 2015 in 2025, v angleškem jeziku. Rezultati: Preventivna mastektomija je učinkovita metoda za zmanjševanje tveganja za pojav raka dojk, saj se rak pri ženskah, ki se odločijo zanjo, le redko pojavi. Po operaciji lahko pride do nekaterih zapletov, kot so luščenje kože, infekcija ali nekroza tkiva. Večina žensk se po preventivni mastektomiji odloči za rekonstrukcijo dojk. Da pa se ženske lahko odločijo za preventivno mastektomijo, je potrebno prej opraviti genetsko testiranje in svetovanje. Pri tem imajo pomembno vlogo tudi medicinske sestre, saj s svojo vključenostjo v proces dela pripomorejo k večji dostopnosti postopkov in ozaveščenosti pacientk o le teh. Razprava in zaključek: Poleg nekaterih zapletov se po preventivni mastektomiji lahko pojavijo tudi negativni simptomi, kot sta zmanjšan občutek za dotik in toploto v predelu dojk. Takšni posegi lahko vplivajo na samopodobo žensk, kar se pogosto odrazi tudi v njihovem spolnem življenju. Medicinske sestre se sicer zavedajo ključne vloge, ki jo imajo pri genetskem svetovanju in testiranju, vendar jim pogosto primanjkuje ustreznega znanja s področja genetike in genomike.

Keywords

diplomska dela;zdravstvena nega;rak dojke;genomika;genetsko testiranje;genetsko svetovanje;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [M. Nakrst]
UDC: 616-083
COBISS: 239409923 Link will open in a new window
Views: 155
Downloads: 59
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Prophylactic mastectomy in genetically at-risk women and the role of the nurse
Secondary abstract: Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in developed world. The presence of hereditary gene mutations can increase the likelihood of developing cancer. Patients that are at higher risk of carrying these mutations can undergo genetic testing, and in case of positive result, they may choose to undergo preventive mastectomy, which reduces the risk for getting breast cancer. Purpose: This diploma work presents preventive mastectomy in genetically predisposed women for breast cancer and the role of the nurse in the process, through a literature review. Methods: We used a descriptive research method with literature review. The search was conducted using DiKul and bibliographic databases Medline, PubMed and Cinahl. We limited the selection of articles to those with open access, published between 2015 and 2025 in English. Results: Prophylactic mastectomy is an effective method for reducing the risk of developing breast cancer among genetically predisposed women, as cancer rarely occurs in women who undergo the surgery. During the process there is a risk for complications, such as skin peeling, infection, or tissue necrosis. Most women decide to undergo breast reconstruction, after the surgery. Before making the decision to have the prophylactic mastectomy, they need to undergo genetic testing and counselling. Nurses play an important role in the process, as their involvement contributes to better accessibility of the procedures and increased awareness among women about them. Discussion and conclusion: Beside possible complications, some negative symptoms might occur after prophylactic mastectomy, such as reduced sensitivity to touch and temperature in the breast. Such procedures can also affect women’s self-confidence, which often impacts their sexual life. Nurses are aware of the importance of their role in genetic testing and counselling, however, there is often a lack of present knowledge in the fields of genetics and genomics.
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;nursing care;breast cancer;genomics;genetic testing;genetic counselling;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za zdravstveno nego
Pages: 30 str.
ID: 26586585