Ita Hajdin (Author), Karmela Zanki Kulazo (Author), Ante Prkić (Author), Kristian Nakić (Author), Andrea Paut (Author), Lucija Guć (Author), Mitja Kolar (Author), Boštjan Genorio (Author), Ivana Mitar (Author)

Abstract

Potentiometric ISEs are one of the fastest developing sensors in electrochemistry due to their wide range of applications. They are used in the food industry, agriculture, environmental and drug analysis as they offer numerous advantages: high selectivity and sensitivity, low LOD, small size, easy handling, portability and low cost. We have therefore developed a solid-state ISE for the potentiometric determination of sulfate ions. The membranes are based on a mixture of barium sulfate, silver sulfide, polymer and metal oxide nanoparticles. The mass ratio of BaSO$_4$, Ag$_2$S and PTFE in the membranes was 1 : 1 : 2, with the addition of various metal oxide NPs, such as Fe$_3$O$_4$, α-Fe$_2$O$_3$, Al$_2$O$_3$ or ZnO, to the membrane composition. The membrane containing magnetite NPs showed a positive effect on the linear response range for sulfate anions. In particular, the membrane containing 0.6 % magnetite NPs showed a linear potential change with a slope of 28.5 mV dec$^{−1}$, which is very close to the theoretical Nernstian value (29.6 mV dec$^{−1}$), with a regression coefficient of 0.9978 in the concentration range between 4.88 ∙ 10$^{−5}$ mol L$^{−1}$ and 1.00 · 10$^{−2}$ mol L$^{−1}$ with LOD 4.40 ∙ 10$^{−5}$ mol L$^{−1}$. Finally, none of the membranes showed response to barium ions even at high concentrations (≥ 1.00 ∙ 10$^{−3}$ mol L$^{−1}$). These results confirm that our newly developed potentiometric sensor has a high membrane selectivity for the determination of sulfate ions and, most importantly, that it is a fast, reliable and cost-effective tool.

Keywords

ionsko-selektivna elektroda;potenciometrija;določanje sulfatov;magnetit;kovinski oksidi;SEM-EDS;ionska kromatografija;ion-selective electrode;potentiometry;sulfate determination;magnetite;metal oxides;ion chromatography;

Data

Language: English
Year of publishing:
Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization: UL FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
UDC: 543.554:620.3
COBISS: 236013827 Link will open in a new window
ISSN: 2666-8319
Views: 62
Downloads: 51
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Other data

Secondary language: Slovenian
Secondary keywords: ionsko-selektivna elektroda;potenciometrija;določanje sulfatov;magnetit;kovinski oksidi;SEM-EDS;ionska kromatografija;
Type (COBISS): Article
Pages: str. 1-7
Issue: ǂVol. ǂ11, [article no.] 100468
Chronology: Aug. 2025
DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2025.100468
ID: 27132405