diplomsko delo
Ana Pia Pogačar (Author), Polona Palma (Reviewer), Alan Kacin (Mentor), Tjaž Brezovar (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Uvod: Stresne poškodbe kosti so preobremenitvene poškodbe, ki se razvijejo kot odziv na ponavljajoče se submaksimalne obremenitve na sicer zdravo kost. Nastanejo, ko v procesu tarčne remodulacije nastajanje in kopičenje mikropoškodb presega njihovo odstranjevanje. Pogosto se pojavljajo pri aktivnih posameznikih kot so športniki. Ključnega pomena je zgodnja diagnoza in prepoznavanje dejavnikov tveganja, saj lahko njihovo obvladovanje bistveno prispeva k preprečevanju ponovnih poškodb. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na podlagi pregleda obstoječe strokovne in znanstvene literature analizirati epidemiološke značilnosti stresnih poškodb kosti pri športnikih ter ugotoviti, kateri so glavni dejavniki tveganja za njihov nastanek. Metode dela: Iskanje literature je potekalo v podatkovni zbirki PubMed, pri čemer so bile v različnih kombinacijah uporabljene ključne besede bone stress injury, stress fracture, risk factors, athletes, epidemiology. Rezultati: Analiziranih je bilo osem raziskav, v katere so bili vključeni športniki na poklicni, srednješolski, univerzitetni ali rekreativni ravni. Incidenca se je gibala med 4,0 % in 52,4 %, najpogostejša mesta poškodbe so bila golenica, stegnenica, križnica in stopalnice. Kot možni dejavniki tveganja so bili prepoznani predhodna stresna poškodba kosti, nizka mineralna kostna gostota, pozna menarha in prisotnost amenoreje pri ženskah, nizka kadenca koraka, ter napake v trenažnem procesu. V posameznih raziskavah je bilo opaziti tudi povezavo med večjo pojavnostjo stresnih poškodb kosti in nizkim indeksom telesne mase, nizko pusto in nizko maščobno telesno maso, neravnovesjem v dolžini spodnjih udov, prisotnostjo motenj prehranjevanja, pomanjkanjem spanja ter visoko ravnjo stresa. Razprava in zaključek: Stresne poškodbe kosti so v populaciji športnikov ena pogostejših mišično-skeletnih poškodb. Eden glavnih napovednih dejavnikov stresne poškodbe kosti je predhodna stresna poškodba kosti, med zaščitne dejavnike pa lahko uvrščamo izvajanje vadbe proti uporu. Celostna obravnava in poznavanje dejavnikov tveganja je zato ključnega pomena, saj lahko pripomore k boljšemu razumevanju stresnih poškodb kosti, s tem pa k zgodnejši diagnozi, uspešnejši rehabilitaciji in učinkovitejši preventivi.

Keywords

diplomska dela;fizioterapija;stresna poškodba kosti;stresni zlom;epidemiologija;dejavniki tveganja;športniki;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL ZF - University College of Health Studies
Publisher: [A. P. Pogačar]
UDC: 615.8
COBISS: 246437379 Link will open in a new window
Views: 72
Downloads: 16
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Risk factors and epidemiology of bone stress injuries in athletes - literature review
Secondary abstract: Introduction: Bone stress injuries are overuse injuries that develop in response to repetitive loading of normally healthy bones. When the accumulation of microdamage during targeted remodelling exceeds the removal of this damage, bone stress injuries can occur. They often occur in active individuals, such as athletes. Early diagnosis and identification of risk factors are crucial as their treatment can help prevent re-injury. Purpose: The aim of this literature review is to analyse the epidemiological characteristics of bone stress injuries and identify the main risk factors that contribute to their occurrence. Methods: The literature search was conducted in the PubMed database using the keywords bone stress injury, stress fracture, risk factors, athletes, epidemiology. Results: Eight studies involving professional, high school, university, and recreational athletes were analysed. An incidence of between 4,0 % and 52,4 % was reported, with the tibia, femur, sacrum and metatarsals being the most common sites of injury. Previous bone injuries, low bone mineral density, late menarche and amenorrhea in women, low cadence, and training errors have been identified as possible risk factors for the development of bone injuries. A few studies have also found a link between low body mass index, low lean body mass and low fat body mass, leg length discrepancy, disordered eating patterns, lack of sleep and high stress levels and a higher rate of bone injury. Discussion and conclusion: Bone stress injuries are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries in athletes. Previous bone stress injury is a strong predictive factor for the occurence of bone stress injuries, while strength training could be an important protective factor. Therefore comprehensive management and identification of risk factors are crucial for a better understanding of bone stress injuries and thus for earlier diagnosis, more succesful rehabilitation and efficient prevention
Secondary keywords: diploma theses;physiotherapy;bone stress injury;stress fracture;epidemiology;risk factors;athletes;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 0
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Zdravstvena fak., Oddelek za fizioterapijo
Pages: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (39 str., [2] str. pril.))
ID: 27179519