diplomsko delo
Manca Šavs (Author), Simon Schnabl (Mentor)

Abstract

Diplomsko delo obravnava požarno varnost osebnih električnih vozil (EV), s posebnim poudarkom na baterijskih električnih vozilih (BEV) v primerjavi z vozili z motorji z notranjim zgorevanjem (ICEV). V uvodnem delu so predstavljene osnovne razlike med obema pogonoma, skupaj s kratkim pregledom njunih vrst. Posebna pozornost je namenjena litij-ionskim baterijam, ki predstavljajo temeljni del BEV ter hkrati glavni vir požarnih tveganj. Analizirani so bili vzroki požarov, emisije in sproščena toplota, ter razlike z vidika posredovanja gasilcev. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da so kljub različnim mehanizmom vžiga količine sproščene toplote med BEV in ICEV primerljive, sestava plinov in delcev pa podobna – izjemi sta znatno višja prisotnost vodikovega fluorida in specifičnih kovinskih delcev povezani z zasnovo baterij pri BEV. Zaradi konstrukcijskih razlik so vzroki za nastanek požarov ICEV bolj raznoliki, medtem ko so požari BEV večinoma omejeni na okvare baterijskega sistema. Gašenje BEV je zahtevnejše, traja dlje in zahteva večje količine vode, zaradi česar to področje postaja vse pomembnejši predmet raziskav, skupaj z ustreznostjo osebne zaščitne opreme, ki je trenutno pri gašenju obeh pogonskih vrst še enaka. Razpoložljivi statistični podatki pa enotno potrjujejo na bistveno nižjo pogostost požara BEV v primerjavi z ICEV. Ob tem so predstavljene tudi nekatere sodobne tehnološke rešitve, kot je razvoj naprednih sistemov za toplotno upravljanje baterij in uporaba novih, varnejših materialov. Vzporedno poteka posodabljanje varnostnih standardov in uvajanje predpisov za večjo sledljivost in preglednost baterijskih sistemov. Medtem ko se rešitve za povečanje požarne varnosti ICEV uveljavljajo že desetletja, pa je celovit pregled izboljšav slabše dokumentiran. Z obstoječimi podatki iz literature ugotavljam, da EV ne predstavljajo nesprejemljivega požarnega tveganja, temveč prispevajo k razumevanju požarne varnosti sedanjih in razvoju prihajajočih vozil.

Keywords

požar vozila;vouila z motorji z notranjim izgorevanjem;litij-ionske baterije;sproščanje emisiij in toplote;diplomska dela;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UL FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Publisher: [M. Šavs]
UDC: 614.84(043.2)
COBISS: 247067907 Link will open in a new window
Views: 42
Downloads: 8
Average score: 0 (0 votes)
Metadata: JSON JSON-RDF JSON-LD TURTLE N-TRIPLES XML RDFA MICRODATA DC-XML DC-RDF RDF

Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Fire safety of electric vehicles compared to internal combustion engine vehicles
Secondary abstract: The thesis addresses the fire safety of passenger electric vehicles (EV), with a special focus on battery electric vehicles (BEV) in comparison to internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV). The introductory section outlines the fundamental differences between the two propulsion types, along with a brief overview of their respective subcategories. Special attention is given to lithium-ion batteries, which constitute the core component of BEV and represent the primary source of fire-related risks. The study analyzes the causes of fires, emissions, released heat, and differences in firefighting approaches. Despite differing ignition mechanisms, the amount of heat released is comparable between both vehicle types, and the composition of gases and particles is largely similar—with notable exceptions being significantly higher concentrations of hydrogen fluoride and specific metallic particles associated with BEV battery design. Due to structural differences, the causes of fires in ICEV are more diverse, while BEV fires are predominantly associated with battery system failures. Extinguishing BEV fires is more complex, time-consuming, and requires larger volumes of water, making this a growing area of research, along with the suitability of personal protective equipment, which is currently still the same for both types of powertrains. However, available statistical data consistently confirm a significantly lower incidence of fires in BEV compared to ICEV. Additionally, the thesis presents some modern technological solutions, such as the development of advanced battery thermal management systems and the use of new, safer materials. In parallel, safety standards are being updated and new regulations introduced to improve battery traceability and transparency. While fire safety improvements for ICEV have been implemented over several decades, a comprehensive overview of their progress remains poorly documented. Based on the reviewed literature, it can be concluded that EV do not pose an unacceptable fire risk, but rather contribute to a broader understanding of vehicle fire safety and the development of safer transport in the future.
Secondary keywords: vehicle fire;battery electric vehicles;internal combustion engine vehicles;lithium-ion batteries;emission and heat release;Požari;Preprečevanje požarov;Električna vozila;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Type (COBISS): Bachelor thesis/paper
Study programme: 1000370
Thesis comment: Univ. v Ljubljani, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo, UNI Tehniška varnost
Pages: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (65 str.))
ID: 27225082