Nemedicinska uporaba fentanilov

pregled stanja v Sloveniji

Andrea Davidović (Author), Boštjan Slak (Mentor)

Abstract

V zaključnem delu so obravnavani pojav in razširjenost fentanilov, najprej v svetu in nato še Sloveniji, kot tudi vplivi na njihovo razširjenost. Poudarjena je predvsem uporaba tako farmacevtskih kot tudi nefarmacevtskih fentanilov in drugih sintetičnih opioidov v nemedicinske namene, ki ima večja tveganja za zastrupitve s smrtnimi izidi, saj sintetični opioidi že v zelo majhnih količinah lahko povzročijo smrt. Fentanili so najbolj razširjeni in povzročajo veliko število smrtnih primerov v Združenih državah Amerike. Njihova razširjenost v Evropi je bolj redka, vendar jih je pa tudi težje odkrivati zaradi majhnih količin, potrebnih za en odmerek, zaradi tega slika dejanskega stanja ni najbolj jasna. Mehika velja za državo proizvajalko fentanilov, ki jih nato tihotapi v Združene države Amerike, medtem ko azijske države veljajo za države proizvajalke predvsem predhodnih sestavin za sintezo fentanilov in drugih sintetičnih opioidov, zlasti Kitajska. Za Slovenijo smo izvedli analizo stanja glede razširjenosti fentanilov in drugih sintetičnih opioidov ter pridobili podatke od NIJZ, ki je vodilna institucija za spremljanje javnega zdravja prebivalcev v Sloveniji, policije in drugih relevantnih virov. Ugotavljamo, da je v Sloveniji njihova prisotnost zaznana v izoliranih primerih, ki so se žal večinoma končali s smrtnim izidom, ni pa zaznanega večjega porasta namenske uporabe sintetičnih opioidov, vključno s fentanili. Obstaja možnost, da bi motnje v dobavi heroina v luči talibanske prepovedi gojenja maka lahko pomembno vplivale na spremembe v uporabi opioidov in bi heroin bil substituiran s fentanili ali drugimi sintetičnimi opioidi, k večji razširjenosti pa bi lahko prispevala tudi trgovina z njimi prek temnega spleta.

Keywords

sintetični opioidi;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2025
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	[A. Davidović]
UDC:	613.83(043.2)
COBISS:	248134915
Views:	0
Downloads:	12
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
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Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Non-medical use of fentanyl: an overview of the situation in Slovenia
Secondary abstract:	In this thesis, the phenomenon and prevalence of fentanyls were discussed, first globally and then in Slovenia, as well as the factors influencing their spread. The focus was primarily on the use of both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical fentanyls and other synthetic opioids for non-medical purposes, which carries a higher risk of fatal overdoses, as synthetic opioids can cause death even in very small amounts. Fentanyls are most widespread and responsible for a large number of deaths in the United States. Their prevalence in Europe is lower, but they are also more difficult to detect due to the small quantities needed for a single dose, which makes the actual situation less clear. Mexico is considered a producer country of fentanyls, which are then trafficked into the United States. In contrast, Asian countries, especially China, are known as producers of precursor chemicals used in the synthesis of fentanyls and other synthetic opioids. For Slovenia, we conducted a situation analysis regarding the prevalence of fentanyls and other synthetic opioids and obtained data from NIJZ, which is the leading institution for monitoring public health in Slovenia, the Police, and other relevant sources. We find that in Slovenia, their presence has been detected in isolated cases, which unfortunately mostly resulted in fatalities. However, there has been no significant increase in the intentional use of synthetic opioids, including fentanyls. Still, disruptions in heroin supply due to the Taliban's ban on poppy cultivation could significantly impact opioid use patterns, potentially leading to heroin being replaced by fentanyls or other synthetic opioids. Additionally, the spread could be further facilitated by trafficking through the dark web.
Secondary keywords:	Opioidi;Fentanil;Prepovedane droge;Univerzitetna in visokošolska dela;
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Pages:	VII f., 49 str.
ID:	27266666