Secondary abstract: |
The graduation thesis is composed of two parts. In the first part a short description of cement manufacturing through history is presented. Technological process of cement manufacturing in the cement plant Lafarge Cement cementarna Trbovlje is shown, starting with separate extraction of limestone and marl in the Plesko quarry. This is followed by grinding of raw materials, burning of clinker, cement grinding and its distribution. Burning process is summed up and divided into individual processes of dehydration, decarbonization, precalcination, calcination, sintering and cooling. In addition to basic components pozzolanic additives, fly ash, calcined slate and water are also discussed here. Individual phases of the hydration process, which is a complex chemical and physical process of binding water and cement, are explained, in addition to the process of forming of clinker minerals and theivs influence on setting and hardening rate of cement paste. All cement types produced by the cement plant Lafarge Cement Trbovlje are also presented. The emphasis of this thesis is on the use of grinding aids – additives, which can improve the quality of cement and consequently its use. Grinding aids are divided into two groups, Process grinding aids (PGA), used for improving grinding efficiency, and Enhancing grinding aids (EGA), used for enhancing cement performance in addition to improving grinding efficiency. In the second part of the thesis, experimental work is presented. As the basis CEM V/A (S-V- L) 42,5 N LH type of cement or étalon, was used. A comparison of 13 grinding aids of different manufacturers was conducted. The following characteristics were tested: “ specific surface and fineness of cement, workability of cement paste, standard consistency, initial and final setting time, soundness of cement paste, early and late (after 28 days) flexuval and bending strength”. According to the results of the test, three of the best grinding aids were selected on the basis of effect versus price ratio. |