diplomsko delo
Andreja Meglič (Author), Žan Oplotnik (Mentor)

Abstract

POVZETEK Po drugi svetovni vojni so se zaradi drobljenja svetovnega trga posamezne države pričele povezovati v regionalne gospodarske tvorbe. Z namenom spremljanja mednarodne trgovine z blagom in za njeno liberalizacijo je bil sklenjen GATT, ki pa ni prinesel želenih rezultatov, saj se je svetovna trgovina konec sedemdesetih let soočala s hudimi problemi- razmah številnih necarinskih omejitev, dvoumna in nedoločno opredeljena pravila pa so omogočala diskriminacijo ter protekcionistične ukrepe. Prav zato so na zasedanju Urugvajskega kroga sprejeli deklaracijo o ustanovitvi Svetovne trgovinske organizacije. STO je bila ustanovljena 1. januarja 1995 in je edina mednarodna organizacija, ki se zavzema za čim večjo liberalizacijo trgovine in se ukvarja s pravili globalne trgovine med narodi. Njen sedež je v Ženevi, trenutno ima 153 držav članic. Z razmahom globalizacije so se pričele navidezno brisati meje med državami, ki so vse bolj odprle svoja gospodarstva, kar je pripeljalo do povečanja obsega svetovne trgovine vse do leta 2009, ko je gospodarska in finančna kriza prešla v globalno recesijo. Severna Amerika, Evropa in Azija so regije, ki krojijo trgovanje na svetovnem trgu. Največji delež svetovne trgovine poteka med svetovnimi velesilami- Združenimi državami Amerike, Nemčijo in Kitajsko. Enake trende je opaziti tudi na področju storitev. Liberalizacija svetovnega trga in globalizacijski procesi so povzročili številne pozitivne učinke. Nasprotniki trdijo drugače, saj globalizacijo krivijo za neenakost med državami in revščino v svetu. Trdijo tudi, da imajo nadzor nad kapitalom in odločanjem le razvite države ter da so pravila trgovanja postavljena v prid bogatim. Da temu ni tako dokazuje STO s številnimi pravili in mehanizmi, ki s spodbujanjem izvoza in uvoza omogočajo hitrejše vključevanje držav v razvoju v mednarodno trgovanje. Države v razvoju predstavljajo dve tretjini držav članic STO in zaradi slabše razvitosti dosegajo v celotnem trgovinskem sistemu ugodnejši preferencialni tretma, ki je opredeljen v vseh temeljnih sporazumih STO. Prav s tovrstnimi kritikami se bo STO soočala v prihodnosti vse pogosteje. V svetovni trgovini ima vse večji pomen tudi okoljska problematika, ki postaja predmet številnih zasedanj. Kljub številnim kritikam in nasprotnikom STO v primeru konfliktov ohranja moč in suverenost ter ukrepa v skladu s sprejetimi pravili. Zavedanje določenih pomanjkljivosti sistema in poskusi odprave le-teh ter prilagajanje novim razmeram na svetovnem trgu so izrednega pomena v delovanju STO.

Keywords

svetovna trgovina;organizacija;mednarodna trgovina;GATT;WTO;globalizacija;trendi;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UM EPF - Faculty of Economics and Business
Publisher: [A. Meglič]
UDC: 339.9
COBISS: 11102748 Link will open in a new window
Views: 2724
Downloads: 225
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: World trade organization and trends in international trade
Secondary abstract: After World War II world market started to crash; therefore, some countries began forming regional economic formations. Countries wanted to accompany international trade with goods, for this reason GATT was formed. GATT did not yield wanted results because in the late 1970s the international trade was facing big problems, such as the swing of numerous non-costums restrictions, equivocal and undetermined rules enabling discrimination and restriction measures. At Uruguay round session ministers accepted the declaration of establishment of World Trade Organization (WTO). WTO was establish on 1 January 1995. WTO is the sole international organization which strives for trade liberalization and is also engaged in rules of global trade among countries. There are 153 members in WTO today. Its headquarters is in Ženeva. Liberalization began wiping invisible borders among countries. Countries opened up their economies and the volume of international trade was increasing till 2009 when economic and financial crisis turned into global recession. North America, Europe and Asia are regions, which administer trade at world market. The biggest share of international trade is divided among world's greatest powers, the United States of America, Germany and China. The same trends can be seen in service sector. Liberalization of the world market and globalization process have had a lot of positive effects; although, antagonists think otherwise. They blame globalisation for inequality among countries and for poverty in the world. They also claim that only developed countries have control over capital and decision-making and that trading rules are set for their benefit. WTO proves this wrong with a lot of rules and mechanisms, which stimulate export and import and this alows developing countries to incorporate into international trade faster. Two thirds of WTO members are developing countries, which have preferential treatment as defined in all primary WTO agreements. WTO will be confronted with this kind of critique very often. Environmental problems present the greatest significance in international trade. In spite of a lot of critique and antagonists of WTO, this organization preserves the power and takes measures by applying rules during conflicts. It is very important for WTO to be aware of their faults, to try to overcome them and to adapt to the new circumstances in the world market.
Secondary keywords: GATT;WTO;STO;developing countries;globalization;trends in international trade.;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS): Undergraduate thesis
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fak.
Pages: 72 str.
ID: 8716496