delo diplomskega seminarja
Ksenja Koprivšek (Author), Sabina Taškar Beloglavec (Mentor)

Abstract

Finančni trg teorija običajno deli na trg kapitala in trg denarja. Vendar pa v praksi deluje še eden, njima enakovreden trg, kreditni trg, ki vključuje ves bančni sektor. Kreditno tveganje je eno temeljnih in tudi eno najstarejših tveganj s katerimi se banke srečujejo pri svojem poslovanju. To je tveganje, ki predstavlja možnost, kreditojemalec ne bo hotel ali mogel poravnati svojih kreditnih obveznosti do kreditodajalca. Da bi bilo kreditno tveganje čim manjše, imajo banke razvit cel sistem oziroma politiko rokovanja s kreditnim tveganjem. Upravljanje kreditnega tveganja v prvi fazi zajema ocenjevanje oziroma merjenje kreditnega tveganja, v okviru katere se oceni kreditna sposobnost oziroma boniteta kreditojemalca ter višina kredita in doba kreditiranja. Identifikaciji in merjenju kreditnega tveganja sledi faza obvladovanja kreditnega tveganja v kateri se kreditno tveganje spremlja. Pri vzpostavitvi funkcije obvladovanja kreditnih tveganj je pomembno, da se zagotovi njena neodvisnost in pristojnost. Zadnjo fazo predstavlja nadzor kredita, v kateri banka konstantno spremlja tako stanje kreditne sposobnosti kreditojemalca kot tudi zavarovanje kredita, ki ga je določila v predhodnji fazi. Zavarovanje pred kreditnim tveganjem sega daleč v zgodovino. Kreditno zavarovanje je način, s katerim banke zmanjšajo kreditno tveganje. Ločimo med stvarnimi in osebnimi kreditnimi zavarovanji. Stvarna kreditna zavarovanja delimo na kreditna zavarovanja na nepremičninah (hipoteka, zemljiški dolg, ...), na premičninah in na pravicah. Med osebna pa uvrščamo poroštvo, bančno garancijo in zavarovanje kredita pri zavarovalnici. Najpogosteje se pri zavarovanju kreditov uporabljajo hipoteka, menica, depoziti, zavarovanje pri zavarovalnici, poroštvo, ... Banka instrument zavarovanja izbere glede na tveganost naložbe. Pametno, predvsem pa primerno izbran instrument znižuje kreditno tveganje na minimum. Strategija in procesi upravljanja s tveganji ter struktura in organizacija funkcij upravljanja s tveganji predstavljajo bistvo dobre politike rokovanja s kreditnimi tveganji. Takšno, dobro, politiko vodi tudi Banka Celje d.d., ki pri svojem poslovanju prevzema različna tveganja in je aktivna na področju kreditnega poslovanja tako doma kot v tujini. Banka Celje svoje kreditne naložbe usmerja k manj tveganim komitentom, dejavnostim in državam. Izpostavljenost kreditnemu tveganju zmanjšuje z izvajanjem politike zavarovanja kreditnih terjatev.

Keywords

finančni trg;krediti;kreditiranje;kreditna politika;tveganje;zavarovanje;upravljanje;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UM EPF - Faculty of Economics and Business
Publisher: [K. Koprivšek]
UDC: 336.77
COBISS: 11561756 Link will open in a new window
Views: 2029
Downloads: 370
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Credit risk and credit insurance
Secondary abstract: Theory typically divides financial market into the capital market and market of money. However, in practice there is one more market, equivalent to both mentioned, credit market, which includes the entire banking sector. Credit risk is a fundamental and also one of the oldest risks which banks face in their operations. This risk represents the possibility that a borrower will not or could not meet its credit obligations towards lender. In order to minimize credit risk, banks have developed a whole system or better yet policy of handling credit risk. Management of credit risk in the first phase includes evaluation and measurement of credit risk in contex of which the creditworthiness of the borrower or the credit rating, amount of credit and lasting of a credit are being valued. Identification and measurement of credit risk is followed by a phase in which credit risk is monitored. For the establishment of credit risk management function it is important to ensure its independence and competence. The last phase is the control of credit, in which the bank constantly monitors the borrower's creditworthiness and credit insurance, which was established in one of the previous stages. Protecting credit against credit risk extends far back into history. Credit insurance is a way for banks to reduce credit risk. We distinguish between funded and unfunded credit protection. Funded credit insurance is devided into credit insurance on real property (mortgage, land charge, ...), on movable property and rights. Among personal credit insurance we classify guarantee, bank guarantee and credit insurance with the insurance company. The most commonly used instrument for credit insurance is mortgage, bill of exchange, deposits, insurance with the insurance company, guarantee, ... Bank choses the insurance instrument according to te riskiness of investments. Only wisely and suitably chosen instrument reduces the credit risk to a minimum. Strategy, risk management processes and organizational structure of risk management represent the very essence of good credit risk handling policy. Such a good policy is led also by Banka Celje d.d., which in it's operations takes different risks and it's active in the credit business at home and abroad. Banka Celje directs it's credit investments towards less risky clients, activities and countries. Banka Celje minimizes it's exposure to credit risk by implementing policies of credit incurance claims.
Secondary keywords: credit risk;credit insurance;credit risk management;instruments of insurance;Banka Celje d.d;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS): Final seminar paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fak.
Pages: 39 str.
ID: 8724749