Prepoznava oseb po fotografijah in izdelava fotorobota z namenom ugotovitve istovetnosti storilca kaznivega dejanja

diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študija Varnost in policijsko delo

Gregor Mlakar (Author), Danijela Frangež (Mentor), Viktor Zupančič (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Prepoznava oseb po fotografijah in izdelava fotorobota sta v diplomskem delu predstavljeni kot policijski pooblastili z namenom, da se v predkazenskem postopku ugotovi identiteta storilca kaznivega dejanja. Pooblastili predstavljata pomembni vir pridobivanja osebnih dokazov, za katere velja, da so to najbolj sporno, občutljivo in pomembno področje kriminalistične ter procesnopravne teorije in prakse. Pri pridobivanju teh dokazov je potrebno upoštevati postopkovne zakonitosti, zato so v uvodnem delu predstavljeni pomen predkazenskega postopka in posamezna policijska pooblastila, ki so v neposredni povezanosti z obravnavano tematiko. Koncept je zasnovan od širše opredelitve splošnih določb in pooblastil, ki so zajeta v Zakonu o kazenskem postopku (2013), do opredelitve prepoznave oseb po fotografijah in izdelave fotorobota, ki sta kot nekatera druga pooblastila ločeno opredeljena v Zakonu o nalogah in pooblastilih policije (2013). Za delo na tem področju se zahteva zakonito pridobivanje in vodenje evidenc fotografiranih oseb in fotorobotov. Zanemarjen ni niti del zbiranja in obdelovanja osebnih podatkov kot tudi pridobivanje fotografij oseb iz drugih evidenc. Slednjemu delu sledi psihološki del, kjer so opredeljeni dejavniki zaznavanja in spominjanja, predvsem tisti, ki jih je potrebno upoštevati in razumeti za potrebe prepoznavnega postopka in pri izdelavi fotorobota. Osrednji del je osredotočen na postopek prepoznave oseb po fotografijah, ki je razdeljen na posamezne dele, s čimer je pooblastilo podrobneje razloženo od priprave do ustreznega dokumentiranja. Pooblastili sta razloženi s pomočjo sodne prakse in mnenj strokovnjakov. Na takšen način so pojasnjene nekatere dileme, nejasnosti, izražena so priporočila in mnenja, kar bi lahko pripomoglo k strokovnejšemu, uspešnejšemu in predvsem učinkovitejšemu izvajanju pooblastila. V delo so vključeni tudi statistični podatki, ki izkazujejo dosedanjo njuno uporabo. Sklepni del zajema opredelitev postavljenih hipotez in priporočila kot varovala, da bi bile prepoznave oseb po fotografijah v prihodnosti verodostojnejše, kot tudi, da že v predkazenskem postopku ne bi prihajalo do napačnih identifikacij oseb. Tako se preprečuje, da bi se zaradi napačne osredotočenosti suma na določeno osebo preiskava kaznivega dejanja vodila v napačni smeri.

Keywords

preiskovanje;kazniva dejanja;osumljenci;prepoznave;fotoroboti;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2014
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	G. Mlakar]
UDC:	343.98(043.2)
COBISS:	2830314
Views:	2390
Downloads:	489
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary abstract:	Identification of persons based on photos and drawing of identikit pictures are represented in the diploma paper as police powers used to identify an offender in police procedure. The powers are an important source of obtaining personal evidence which is known to be the most questionable, delicate and important field of criminal investigation and procedural theory and practice. While obtaining this evidence procedural rules need to be respected. The introductory part stresses the importance of a police procedure, individual police powers directly relating to the topic. The concept includes a broad definition of general provisions and powers laid down by the Criminal Procedure Act (2013) and definition of identification of persons based on photos, and drawing an identikit picture. These powers, like several other powers, are separately defined in the Police Tasks and Powers Act (2013). Work in this field requires legal acquisition of photos and keeping records on the photographed persons as well as drawing of identikit pictures. Collection and processing of personal data and acquisition of photos of persons from other records are not left aside either. The latter is followed by a psychological part, in which factors of perception and recall are defined. A focus is on those factors that need to be taken into consideration and understood for the needs of recognition and in drawing an identikit picture. The central part focuses on the method of recognizing persons by the photos. This part is divided in individual parts, police powers are explained in more detail: from preparation to adequate recording. The powers are explained through case law and experts' opinions. Several dilemmas and ambiguities are explained, recommendations and opinions are shown, which will all contribute to a more professional, successful and especially more efficient exercising of powers. The paper also includes statistical data that show their use in the past. The final part includes definition of set hypotheses and recommendations in order to make future identification of persons based on photos more credible and in order to avoid possible misidentifications of persons in the police procedure. It is thus prevented that investigation of a criminal act would lead to a wrong direction due to a wrong suspicion of a certain person.
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Pages:	56 str.
ID:	8727114