diplomska naloga
Nežka Selan (Author), Janja Hojnik (Mentor)

Abstract

Energetski trg EU se je v zadnjem desetletju razvijal z veliko hitrostjo. Lizbonska pogodba je v Pogodbo o delovanju Evropske unije vnesla določbe, ki določajo cilje energetske politike. Ti se nanašajo predvsem na izboljšanje učinkovitosti delovanja energetskega trga in zanesljivosti oskrbe z energijo v EU. Tretji zakonodajni sveženj direktiv EU je stopil v veljavo leta 2011, z njim pa je bila ustanovljena Agencija za sodelovanje energetskih regulatorjev. Obstoj nadnacionalnega regulativnega organa se je izkazal za učinkovito rešitev, ki s svojo regulacijo in nadzorom zagotavlja hitrejšo integracijo trga. V Agenciji sodelujejo vse države članice prek svojih predstavnikov iz nacionalnih regulativnih organov. Ker ti nacionalni organi sprejemajo oziroma sodelujejo pri sprejemanju energetske zakonodaje držav članic, lahko odločitve, ki jih Agencija sprejme, učinkovito prenesejo v zakonodajo svojih držav. Sodelovanje teh predstavnikov v odboru regulatorjev omogoča tudi dober pretok informacij »od spodaj«. Predstavniki Agenciji namreč lahko neposredno poročajo o težavah, ki nastajajo glede implementacije energetske zakonodaje EU v nacionalno zakonodajo in o drugih konkretnih težavah, ki se na posameznih trgih teh držav pojavljajo. Agencija lahko na takšna stanja hitro reagira in v sodelovanju s Komisijo sprejme ustrezne ukrepe za rešitev te problematike. Agencija bdi nad izvajanjem evropske zakonodaje in transparentnostjo trga, sodeluje z različnimi organi pri sprejemanju njihovih temeljnih aktov ter v sodelovanju z drugimi institucijami EU sprejema akte in opravlja druge naloge, ki jih te institucije določijo za ključne glede poglobitve integracije energetskega trga. Slednje dosega na takšen način, da podaja mnenja, priporočila in sprejema neobvezujoče smernice. V hitro spreminjajočem se energetskem trgu spremlja stanje na trgu in sodeluje ter spodbuja sodelovanje med nacionalnimi regulativnimi organi in raznimi institucijami EU. Posebej pomembno vlogo ima Agencija prav v zadnjem času. EU si je zadala cilj, da do leta 2014 vzpostavi notranji energetski trg. Kot sem omenila, je ravno Agencija zadolžena za spremljanje stanja na trgu in lahko predlaga ukrepe, ki bi pozitivno vplivali na vzpostavitev notranjega trga. Tudi ko bo EU dosegla popolno vzpostavitev notranjega energetskega trga pa to ne bo pomenilo, da bo postala vloga Agencije na energetskem trgu manj pomembna. Prepričana sem, da bo Agencija z razvojem notranjega trga EU dobivala čedalje pomembnejšo funkcijo. Dobro delovanje energetskega trga je namreč ključ do bolj konkurenčnega in hitro razvijajočega se gospodarstva EU. Vedno bolj zaskrbljujoča so tudi vprašanja povezana z varovanjem okolja. EU v svojih srednje in dolgoročnih strategijah načrtuje intenzivno dekarbonizacijo. Že sedaj smo priča prvim korakom, ki jih skuša EU doseči za bolj okolju prijazen energetski sistem, saj ta nameni veliko nepovratnih sredstev iz svojega proračuna ravno za ta namen. Kljub hitrejšim premikom zadnjega časa na tem področju se spremembe odvijajo prepočasi, da bi lahko dosegli izpolnitve strategij EU. Predvsem Agencija, v sodelovanju z drugimi energetskimi regulatorji, bo morala tukaj najti pot, da se bo EU približevala tem ciljem hitreje. Posledica politike EU je vidna v vsakdanjem življenju. Priča smo namreč množični gradnji objektov z vgrajenimi tehnologijami za proizvodnjo energije iz obnovljivih virov. Takšne tehnologije za proizvodnjo električne energije so dostopne skoraj vsakomur, kar spodbuja drobljenje energetskega proizvodnega trga. Ravno te spremembe na energetskem trgu so pripeljale do novih problemov glede nadzora. Nadziranje nad včasih monopolno dejavnostjo je bilo mnogo manj zahtevno, kot je to danes. Agencija zato ves čas išče poti, kako bi izboljšala učinkovitost svojega nadzora. Menim, da se bo za ta namen morala še intenzivneje povezati z operaterji prenosnih sistemov, nacionalnim regulativnim organom pa določiti dodatne zadolžitve.

Keywords

električna energija;notranji trg EU;operaterji omrežij;javne gospodarske službe;konkurenčno pravo;evropsko pravo;diplomska dela;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UM PF - Faculty of Law
Publisher: [N. Selan]
UDC: 339.923:061.1EU(043.2)
COBISS: 4616491 Link will open in a new window
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: THE ROLE OF THE AGENCY FOR THE COOPERATION OF ENERGY REGULATORS IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EU INTERNAL ENERGY MARKET
Secondary abstract: The EU energy market has developed with great speed in the last decade. The Lisbon Treaty introduced into the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union provisions that define the objectives of energy policy. These primarily relate to improve the performance of the energy market and security of energy supply in the EU. The third legislative package of EU directives came into force in 2011 and at the same time, the Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators was established. The existence of a supranational regulatory authority has proven to be an effective solution, while it facilitates market integration with its regulation and supervision. The Agency is open to all Member States of the EU through their representatives in the national regulatory authorities. Because these national authorities adopt or participate in adoption of energy legislation of the Member States, decisions taken by the Agency can be effectively transferred to the laws of their countries. The participation of these representatives with the Board of Regulators also provides a good flow of information "from below". Representatives can directly report to the Agency about the problems that arise regarding the implementation of EU energy legislation into national legislation and about other actual problems that emerge in the individual markets of countries. The Agency can react quickly in such situations and in cooperation with the Commission, it can adopt appropriate measures to resolve these issues. The Agency oversees the implementation and transparency of the market, working with various authorities in the adoption their basic instruments, and in cooperation with other EU institutions adopts acts and performs other tasks which these institutions provide as the key to deepen the integration of the energy market. The latter it achieves in a manner of giving opinions, recommendations and adoption of non-binding guidelines. In the rapidly changing energy market, it monitors the market’s situation and involves and encourages the cooperation between national regulatory authorities and the various EU institutions. Recently, the role of the Agency is especially important. The EU has set itself a goal to set up the internal energy market until 2014. As I mentioned, it is the Agency who is responsible for monitoring the market and it can propose measures that would have a positive impact on the reestablishment of the internal market. Even when the EU achieves complete reestablishment of the internal energy market, this will not mean that the role of the agency in the energy market will become less important. I am convinced that the Agency will get an increasingly important function with the development of the EU internal market. Proper functioning of the energy market is the key to a more competitive and rapidly developing EU economy. Increasingly concerning are the issues related to environmental protection. The EU plans an intensive decarbonisation in its medium-and long-term strategies. We are already witnessing the first steps of the EU trying to achieve a more environmentally-friendly energy system, because it greatly grants its budget just for this purpose. Despite the fast changes in the last time in this area, the changes are taking place too slowly to be able to achieve fulfilment of the EU strategies. Particularly the Agency, in cooperation with other energy regulators, will have to find a way that the EU will approach this goal faster. The result of EU policy is visible in everyday life. We have witnessed massive construction of buildings with built-in technologies for energy production from renewable sources. Such technologies for producing electricity are accessible to almost everyone, which encourages fragmentation of the energy production market. These changes in the energy market have led to new problems of control. Monitoring of the previously monopolistic activity was much less challenging than it is today. The Agency is therefore constantly looking for ways to improve the effectiveness of their control.
Secondary keywords: Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators;ACER;the European Union;the EU internal market for electricity;the EU internal market in natural gas;regulatory authorities;the Board of Regulators;the Board of Appeal;director;the Management Board;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS): Undergraduate thesis
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Pravna fak.
Pages: 63 f.
ID: 8727908