doktorska disertacija
Abstract
Kontejnerji omogočajo unitizacijo tovora, kar pomeni hitrejše natovarjanje in raztovarjanje vozil, možnost izgube tovora je manjša, zmanjšuje se možnost za krajo pošiljk, olajšuje se skladiščenje pošiljk ter zmanjšujejo se stroški embaliranja. Transport kontejnerjev je najhitreje rastoči sektor v pomorski industriji zadnji dve desetletji. Rast transporta kontejnerjev spodbujajo gospodarska rast, proces globalizacije, liberalizacija transporta in outsourcing. Rast transporta kontejnerjev so vzpodbudile tudi spremembe v načrtovanju strategij prevoznikov in razvoj pomorskih luk. Takšen razvoj sproža regionalne razlike v aktivnostih, povezanih z uvozom in izvozom ter povzroča neuravnovešenost v usmerjanju kontejnerskih tokov. Pomorske kontejnerske linije so tako izpostavljene številnim izzivom v visoko tekmovalnem okolju, čigar posledica je povečanje povpraševanja uporabnikov po visoki kakovosti transportnih storitev ob najnižjih skupnih stroških. Glavni cilj te doktorske disertacije je optimirati prekomorske transportne poti in tako skrajšati čas ter ceno transporta kontejnerjev med vzhodnimi državami ZDA in državami zahodne Evrope kot del logističnega sistema v transnacionalnem kontekstu ter definirati in izračunati stopnjo razvoja pomorskih kontejnerskih terminalov v vzhodnih državah ZDA in v državah zahodne Evrope. V raziskavi smo modelirali šest optimizacijskih modelov transporta. Prvi optimizacijski model (Z1) transporta kontejnerjev po morju iz pomorskih kontejnerskih terminalov vzhodnih držav ZDA (PKT/A) v države zahodne Evrope (PKT/E) je bil modeliran za optimiranje z metodo celoštevilčnega linearnega programiranja v programskem orodju Lingo 14, pri kateri je bil kriterij optimiranja cena transporta kontejnerjev. Drugi optimizacijski model (Z2) je bil modeliran za optimiranje z metodo celoštevilčnega linearnega programiranja v programskem orodju Lingo 14 in z upoštevano stopnjo razvoja pomorskih kontejnerskih terminalov v državah zahodne Evrope Sr, kjer je bil tudi kriterij optimiranja cena transporta kontejnerjev. Ker se v kontejnerjih pogosto transportira tudi hitro pokvarljivo blago, se prioriteta daje kriteriju optimiranja časa transporta pred kriterijem cene transporta. V teh primerih namenska funkcija ostaja linearna. Tretji optimizacijski model (Z3T) je bil modeliran za celoštevilsko linearno programiranje časa transporta. Četrti optimizacijski model (Z3C) je bil za tem modeliran za optimizacijo cene transporta, pri čemer se upoštevajo rezultati predhodne optimizacije po času (Z3T). Peti optimizacijski model (Z4T) je bil modeliran za celoštevilsko linearno programiranje časa transporta. Šesti optimizacijski model (Z4C) je bil za tem modeliran za optimizacijo cene transporta z upoštevano stopnjo razvoja pomorskih kontejnerskih terminalov v državah zahodne Evrope Sr, pri čemer se upoštevajo rezultati predhodne optimizacije po času transporta kontejnerjev (Z4T). Z razvojem in uporabo optimizacijskih modelov celoštevilčnega linearnega programiranja je možno znatno zmanajšati ceno in čas transporta kontejnerjev med pomorskimi kontejnerskimi terminali v vzhodnih državah ZDA in v državah zahodne Evrope, pri čemer smo pri snovanju modela upoštevali naslednje elemente: 1) prometna infrastruktura in prometna suprastruktura, 2) vpliv inteligentnega informacijskega sistema, 3) bruto domači proizvod, 4) prometna ekologija, 5) prometni tokovi, 6) inovacije, 7) varnost in varovanje ter 8) prometna energija, katerih uvedba v praktičnem smislu predstavlja zmanjšanje cene in časa transporta kontejnerjev med kontejnerskimi terminali vzhodnih držav ZDA in držav zahodne Evrope. Iz raziskave se dajo razbrati različne smeri. Prvič, s konkretnimi ocenitvami in kalkulacijami je dokazana hipoteza 1, da se z optimizacijo blagovnih kontejnerskih tokov med pomorskimi kontejnerskimi terminali v vzhodnih državah ZDA in v državah zahodne Evrope celotna cena transporta kontejnerjev zmanjša in sicer za 3 %.
Keywords
kontejnerski transport;pomorski kontejnerski terminali;optimiranje transporta kontejnerjev;celoštevilsko linearno programiranje;
Data
| Language: |
Slovenian |
| Year of publishing: |
2014 |
| Typology: |
2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation |
| Organization: |
UM FGPA - Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Architecture |
| Publisher: |
H. Maučec] |
| UDC: |
656.073.4:629.354(043.3) |
| COBISS: |
18204438
|
| Views: |
2115 |
| Downloads: |
177 |
| Average score: |
0 (0 votes) |
| Metadata: |
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Other data
| Secondary language: |
English |
| Secondary title: |
AN OPTIMAL CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION MODEL (TEU) BETWEEN THE EASTERN STATES OF THE UNITED STATES AND WESTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES |
| Secondary abstract: |
Containers enable unitization of cargo, which means a faster loading and unloading of vehicles, a smaller possibility of losing the cargo and stealing the shipments, an easier way of storehousing the shipments and reducing the costs of packaging. Container shipping has been the fastest growing sector of the maritime industries during the last two decades. The growth of containers transport is spurred by economic growth, process of globalisation, liberalisation of transport and outsourcing. It ha salso been spurred by the changes in carriers scheduling strategies and by development of ports. Container shipping lines are facing several challenges in todayʼs highly competitive environment, one of which is an increasing demand by customers for greater reliability of container shipments and shipping containers at lower total costs. The main purpose of this Doctorʼs thesis was to optimise the maritime overseas transport routes and reduce the total average price of container transportation between Eastern countries of the United States of America and Western European countries as a part of logistic system in transnational context as well as to define and calculate the development rate of containers maritime terminals in the Eastern countries of the United States of America and Western European countries. In the research we have modelled six optimisation models of transport. The first optimisation model (Z1) of containers transport over the sea from maritime containers terminals in the Eastern countries of the USA (PKT/A) to Western European countries (PKT/E) was modelled for optimisation by the integer linear programming in Lingo 14 software tool where the criteria of optimisation was the price of container transportation. The second optimisation model (Z2) was modelled for optimisation by the integer linear programming in Lingo 14 software tool and with regard to the development rate of maritime container terminals in Western European countries Sr, where the criteria was also optimising the total average cost of container transportation. As perishable goods are often transported in containers, the priority is given to criteria of optimising the time of transport before the criteria of the cost. In these models the objective function stays linear. The third optimisation model (Z3T) was modelled for the integer linear programming of time of transport. The fourth optimisation model (Z3C) was modelled afterwards for optimising the cost of transport, where the results of previous optimisation of time (Z3T) were considered. The fifth optimisation model (Z4T) was modelled for the integer linear programming of time of transport. The sixth optimisation model (Z4C) was modelled afterwards for optimising the cost of transport with regard to the development rate of maritime container terminals in Western European countries Sr, where the results of previous optimisation of time of containers transport (Z4T) were considered. By development and usage of optimisation model of total numbered integer linear programming, the cost and time of containers transport between maritime terminals in the Eastern countries of the United States of America and Western European countries can significantly be reduced. At planning the model we have considered the following elements: 1) transport infrastructure and suprastructure, 2) use of intelligent information systems, 3) gross domestic product, 4) transport ecology, 5) cargo flows, 6) innovations, 7) safety and security and 8) transport energy, which introduction in practical sense, presents reduction of the total average price and time of container transportation between the containers terminals of Eastern countries of the USA and Western European countries. From the research, made in this Doctorʼs thesis, we can conclude different directions. |
| Secondary keywords: |
container transport;maritime container terminals;optimisation of maritime container transport;influeinteger linear programming; |
| URN: |
URN:SI:UM: |
| Type (COBISS): |
Dissertation |
| Thesis comment: |
Univ. Maribor, Fak. za gradbeništvo |
| Pages: |
XIII, 184 str. |
| ID: |
8728073 |