magistrsko delo
Abstract
Zaradi vse večje potrošnje in proizvodnje v svetu narašča količina elektro in elektronskih odpadkov (OEEO). Vse večji problem predstavlja zavržena elektro in elektronska oprema na eni strani in dostopnost do potrebnih surovinskih virov za proizvodnjo na drugi strani. EU je sprejela številne ukrepe v zvezi z proizvodnjo elektro in elektronske opreme ter posledično s tovrstnimi odpadki. Eden izmed ukrepov je poenotena in zaostrena okoljska zakonodaja.
Podjetja EEO, ki želijo na današnjem trgu ostati konkurenčna, morajo biti inovativna. Sposobnost podjetja, da zadovoljuje pričakovanja potrošnikov, je v veliki meri odvisna od njegove sposobnosti inoviranja. Pomembno vlogo za doseganje konkurenčne prednosti podjetij ima eko-inoviranje. Proizvajalci okolju prijaznih izdelkov lahko uživajo prednost prvega na trgu, kar jim predstavlja vir konkurenčne prednosti.
OEEO je tudi vir surovin za izdelavo novih izdelkov, saj je večino materialov mogoče ponovno uporabiti. Nekatera OEEO vsebuje redke kovine, ki so strateškega pomena za Evropsko unijo, ki želi narediti velik premik k svoji neodvisnosti od uvoza surovin in povečati lastno proizvodnjo za predelavo surovin v Evropi. Zaradi omenjenega so eko-inovacije pomembno orodje za spopadanje s številnimi izzivi na področju izgube dragocenih surovin v vseh fazah življenjskega cikla.
Za podjetja pa je izjemno pomemben koncept ekodizajna, ki pomeni specifičen pristop znotraj procesa načrtovanja oz. oblikovanja izdelkov. Več kot 80 % okoljskih učinkov, ki jih bo imel izdelek do konca svoje življenjske dobe, je določenih že v fazi zasnove. Inovativna podjetja EEO so s pomočjo ekodizajna znatno pripomogla k kreiranju inovativnih produktnih rešitev in oblikovanju višjega ugleda ter s tem k večji konkurenčnosti podjetij.
V magistrskem delu želimo opredeliti OEEO, prikazati glavne povzročitelje, pregledati zakonodajne zahteve na področju evropske unije, predstaviti okoljsko učinkovito ravnanje in zbiranje OEEO v Sloveniji ter opredeliti pomen eko-inovacij za gospodarstvo. Koristi od ustreznega ravnanja in oblikovanja okolju primernejših proizvodov imajo podjetja elektro in elektronske opreme (EEO), ki lahko s pomočjo uporabe ekodizajna dosegajo konkurenčne prednosti in višji ugled. V ta namen bomo na podlagi študije primerov prikazali trende eko-inoviranja inovativnih podjetij EEO.
Ugotovili smo, da so inovativna podjetja EEO s pomočjo ekodizajna dosegla zmanjšanje okoljskih vplivov z odpravo nevarnih snovi in zmanjšanjem energijske intenzivnosti proizvodov. Inovativna podjetja EEO so z načrtovanjem proizvodov z merili eko-dizajna dale samemu proizvodu noto inovativnosti in izboljšano kakovost proizvodov. Z uvedbo okoljskih meril so podjetja EEO dosegla skladnost z zahtevami okoljske zakonodaje in večjo skladnost z zahtevami kupcev proizvoda. Podjetja lahko pridobijo tudi priznanja za okolju prijazno podjetje, okoljski izdelek leta, okoljska odgovornost do uporabnika.
Keywords
inovacije;inoviranje;elektromaterial;odpadki;ekologija;
Data
Language: |
Slovenian |
Year of publishing: |
2014 |
Typology: |
2.09 - Master's Thesis |
Organization: |
UM EPF - Faculty of Economics and Business |
Publisher: |
[M. Rihter] |
UDC: |
621.3:502.1 |
COBISS: |
11758364
|
Views: |
1180 |
Downloads: |
155 |
Average score: |
0 (0 votes) |
Metadata: |
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Other data
Secondary language: |
English |
Secondary title: |
ǂThe ǂtrends of eco-innovation in industry of electrical and electronic equipment on the EU market |
Secondary abstract: |
Increased consumerism and production leaves behind more and more waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). On one hand the problem is the waste and on the other the access to raw materials needed for the production. The EU has implemented numerous measures considering production of electric and electronic equipment and consequently with the waste. One of the measures taken is unified and strict environmental legislation.
In order to stay ahead of the competition, the companies need to be innovative. The ability to meet the expectation of the consumer requires innovation. Eco-innovation plays an important role in achieving the competitiveness. The manufacturers of nature-friendly products do have the advantage of being the first on the market.
WEEE can be used as a source for creating new products since the majority of the materials are re-usable. Some WEEE contains rare metals which are strategically important for EU to gain independence from importing raw materials, increasing production and processing of raw materials in Europe. Eco-innovations are an important tool for overcoming numerous challenges in terms of losing valuable raw materials in all stages of their life cycle.
Another important part for companies is the concept of eco-design, which means a specific approach within the process of planning or designing the products. Over 80% of the environmental causes (effects) of the product throughout the life-cycle are determined in the conception of the product. The innovative EEE companies have, with eco-design, contributed to innovative product solutions, higher reputation and consequently increased competitiveness.
In the master's thesis we try to define WEEE, expose the real causes, review legislation demands in EU, present efficient environmental WEEE management in Slovenia, and define the meaning of eco-innovations for the economy. Companies that can achieve high competitiveness and good reputation are the ones that can benefit from adequate management and designing of more appropriate products. Based on examples studies we are presenting the eco-innovation trends of innovative EEE companies.
We discovered that EEE companies whch implemented eco-design, have diminished environmental causes by dismissing dangerous material and lowering the energetic intensity of the products. Eco-design has given the products an innovative note and improved quality. By implementing the environmental standards, companies have achieved harmony between the demands of the legislation and with the consumers' needs. The companies can be awarded with a certificate for environmentally friendly company, environmental product of the year or environmental responsibility towards the consumer. |
Secondary keywords: |
innovation;ecoinnovation;ecodesign;waste electrical and electronic equipment;eu market; |
URN: |
URN:SI:UM: |
Type (COBISS): |
Master's thesis/paper |
Thesis comment: |
Univ. v Mariboru, Ekonomsko-poslovna fak. |
Pages: |
113 str. |
ID: |
8729423 |