diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študijskega programa
Petra Brunec (Author), Darinka Brodnjak-Vončina (Mentor), Irena Petrinić (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Obnovljivi viri energije imajo dandanes vse pomembnejšo vlogo pri oskrbi z energijo ter zmanjševanju obremenjevanja okolja. Bioplin postaja v zadnjem obdobju vse pomembnejši na področju izkoriščanja alternativne energije v svetu in pri nas. Proizvodnja električne in toplotne energije iz bioplina postaja ena najpomembnejših oblik uporabe bioplina, v prihodnosti pa se bodo možnosti uporabe še razširile. Proces nastajanja bioplina je posledica povezanih procesnih korakov, pri katerih se prvotna snov stalno deli na manjše enote. V vsak posamezni korak so vključene specifične skupine mikroorganizmov. Bioplin kot zmes plinov nastaja z anaerobno presnovo organskih snovi oziroma odpadkov v enostavnejše komponente. Pridobivamo ga lahko skoraj iz vseh organskih materialov, ki vsebujejo zadosten delež ogljika. Vsebuje največ 50 - 70 % metana, 30 - 40 % oglikovega dioksida, vodikovega sulfida, amonijak ter dušik. Učinkovitost in stabilnost anaerobne presnove v bioplinski napravah je odvisna od nekaterih ključnih parametrov, zato je bistvenega pomena, da se ti parametri redno spremljajo, saj le s tem ustvarjamo primerne pogoje za anaerobne mikroorganizme. Delež proizvedenega bioplina je odvisen od vstopnih organskih snovi, vrednosti pH, FOS/TAC vrednosti, temperature, zadrževalnega časa v reaktorju, od prisotnosti in količine inhibitorjev, vrste procesa in izvedbe bioplinske naprave. V tem diplomskem delu bomo poskušali razviti in izboljšati različne metode za določitev FOS/TAC vrednosti, s pomočjo pripravljenih standardnih raztopin. FOS/TAC vrednost opisuje vsebnost hlapnih maščobnih kislin glede na skupni anorganski ogljik oziroma pufersko kapaciteto karbonata. Povečano razmerje označuje zakisanost fermentorja. Med potekom fermentacije se bakterije preobremenijo in dodatek vhodnega substrata mora biti omejen. S pomočjo meritev FOS/TAC vrednosti lahko enostavno spremljamo potek fermentacije ter nadzorujemo dodajanje vhodnih substratov.

Keywords

FOS/TAC;volatile fatty acids;total inorganic carbon;buffer capacity;biogas;anaerobic digestion;methane;

Data

Language: English
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization: UM FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Publisher: [P. Brunec]
UDC: 628.336.6:577.124(043.2)
COBISS: 18013462 Link will open in a new window
Views: 1802
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Other data

Secondary language: Slovenian
Secondary title: DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF FOS/TAC OF A BIOGAS DIGESTATE
Secondary abstract: Nowadays renewable energy sources have increasingly important role in terms of energy supplies and in reducing environmental pollution. In recent years biogas is becoming more and more important in development of alternative energy in the world. Production of electric and heat energy from biogas is becoming one of the most important forms of biogas usage. In the future the possibility of biogas usage will be even more increased. The formation process of a biogas is associated with several process steps in which the original substance is continuously divided into smaller units. In each step the different specific microorganisms are involved. Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion with anaerobic bacteria or fermentation of biodegradable materials. It is derived from any organic material containing a sufficient amount of carbon. Biogas contains 50 - 70 % methane, 30 - 40 % carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, and nitrogen. Efficiency and stability of anaerobic digestion in biogas plants are dependent on certain key parameters. It is important that those parameters are monitored regularly, because only with that we can provide appropriate conditions for anaerobic microorganisms and anaerobic digestion to stay stable. The proportion of the biogas production is dependent on the input of organic material, the pH value, FOS/TAC value, the temperature, the retention time in the reactor, the presence and quantity of the inhibitor, the type of process and the design of biogas plants. The aim of this diploma thesis is development and improvement of different methods for determination of FOS/TAC values based on prepared standard solutions. The FOS/TAC value describes the ratio of volatile fatty acids in the digester to the total inorganic carbon or buffer capacity and indicates the acidification of the fermenter. During acidification, the bacteria are overloaded and the substrate input must be restricted. With the help of FOS/TAC value measurements the fermentation process and additions of input substrates can be monitored very easily.
Secondary keywords: hlapne maščobne kisline;skupni anorganski ogljik;puferska kapaciteta karbonata;bioplin;anaerobna presnova;metan;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS): Undergraduate thesis
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo
Pages: IX, 65 f.
ID: 8729481