Primerjava prometnih politik evropskih držav

diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študija

Azra Bešar (Author), Bojan Rosi (Mentor), Marjan Sternad (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Vsaka država ima svojo politiko, ki ureja promet, torej prometno politiko. To je ena izmed najpomembnejših politik, saj je tudi pomemben del ekonomske politike posamezne države. Promet je v nenehnem porastu, saj družba zahteva vedno večjo mobilnost in s tem se povpraševanje po prevozu povečuje. S tem se povečuje tudi problematika v mestih zaradi zastojev v prometu, izpustov toplogrednih plinov, preobremenjenosti cestnega in zračnega prometa in podobno. Ravno ukrepi politike se nanašajo na ta področja, torej kako omiliti posledice in vzroke. Promet je namreč zelo pomemben dejavnik v gospodarstvu. Ker je med vsemi oblikami prometa najbolj razširjen cestni, smo se odločili dati poudarek ravno temu. Eden izmed glavnih ciljev vsake prometne politike je preusmeritev cestnega prevoza blaga in potnikov na manj onesnažujoče oblike prometa (železniški, pomorski ali letalski promet). Druga prednostna naloga je združevanje različnih oblik prevoza. Prometni stroški so prav tako kritična točka v tem sistemu. Povzročajo jih zastoji v prometu, onesnaževanje, hrup, emisije, prometne nesreče. Po drugi strani nam ti dejavniki prinašajo še negativne vplive na okolje, posebej v večjih mestih. V tem delu sem se osredotočila na varnost v cestnem prometu in posledično na žrtve prometnih nesreč. Glede na povečanje voznega parka se je tudi povečalo število nesreč in s tem število žrtev, tistih s telesnimi poškodbami kot tudi s smrtnim izidom. Primerjali smo pet evropskih držav, in sicer Slovenijo, Nemčijo, Češko, Španijo in Švedsko. Vse od naštetih držav se trudijo zmanjšati število prometnih nesreč. V Sloveniji so k temu pripomogle medijske kampanje, avtocestni cestninski sistem (vinjete) in Zakon o varnosti v cestnem prometu. V ostalih državah se tudi trudijo s številnimi ukrepi. Vsaka od držav ima svojo statistiko prometnih nesreč, in sicer po številu smrtnih žrtev in tistih s telesnimi poškodbami, glede na starostne skupine, vrsto ceste, skupine uporabnikov in stopnjo uporabe varnostnega pasu. V zadnjem letu je večinoma opaziti trend zniževanja števila smrtnih žrtev prometnih nesreč. V povprečju se največ prometnih nesreč zgodi na podeželskih cestah, starostni skupini od 25 do 64 let, najbolj ogrožena skupina uporabnikov so pešci in kolesarji. Varnostni pasovi, tako spredaj kot zadaj, lahko rešijo marsikatero življenje potnika v avtomobilu. Njihova uporaba je posebej na zadnjih sedežih veliko manjša kot na sprednjih, čeprav je prav tako obvezna. Glavna vzroka za prometne nesreče predstavljata v skoraj vseh državah alkohol in prekoračitev dovoljene hitrosti, zato se prometna politika s svojimi ukrepi trudi izboljšati varnost v cestnem prometu, saj smo del le-tega vsakodnevno skoraj vsi mi. Nova tehnologija vozil in izboljšana infrastruktura bosta pripomogli k večji varnosti. Zelo pomembno je zmanjšati emisije plinov in hrup. Z odpravo vozil z nehibridnimi motorji bi veliko prispevali k zmanjšanju odvisnosti od nafte. S primernim načrtovanjem infrastrukture je potrebno spodbujati kakovosten javni promet v večjih mestih. Tudi pri tej vrsti prometa bi z uvedbo alternativnih goriv veliko prispevali k boljšemu okolju, kar je izredno pomembno

Keywords

evropska prometna politika;cestni promet;varovanje okolja;prometna varnost;primerjalna analiza;logistika;diplomske naloge;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2014
Typology:	2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:	UM FL - Faculty of Logistics
Publisher:	[A. Bešar]
UDC:	656.1
COBISS:	512632637
Views:	1385
Downloads:	120
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary title:	Comparison of traffic policies of European states
Secondary abstract:	Each country has its own policy for transport, transport policy. This is one of the most important policies as it is also an important part of the economic policy of each country. The society requires greater mobility and, because of that, traffic is continuously increasing. This increases the problems in cities, because of traffic congestion, greenhouse gas emissions, congestion on road and in the air. Policy measures apply to these areas in order to mitigate its effects and causes. Traffic is a very important factor in the economy. I emphasize road traffic due to its prevalence. The main aim of transport policy is conversion of goods transport and passenger transport to less polluting forms of transport (rail, sea, or air transport). Combining different forms of transport is the second priority of transport policy. Critical points in the system are also transport costs, which are caused by traffic congestion, pollution, noise, emissions, and road traffic accidents. On the other hand, these factors have negative impacts on the environment, especially in big cities. I focused on road safety and the victims of traffic accidents. As the fleet increased, the number of accidents has increased and also the number of victims with injuries and fatalities. I compared five European countries: Slovenia, Germany, Czech Republic, Spain and Sweden. All of these countries are trying to reduce the number of traffic accidents. Media campaigns, highway toll system (vignettes) and Safety act helped Slovenia in this way. To reduce traffic accidents in other countries, they are using numerous measures. Each country has its own statistic on traffic accidents according to the number of fatalities and injuries, age group, type of road, user group and the rate of seat belt use. Trend in the number of road fatalities last year is decreasing. On average, more accidents happen on rural roads in the age group of 25 to 64 years, while the most vulnerable group of users are pedestrians and cyclists. Safety belts on front and rear car seats can save many lives of all car passengers. Their use is not very popular at rear seats, although it is also required by law. Alcohol and speeding are main causes of traffic accidents for almost all five countries. Because of that, transport policy is trying to improve road safety with many measures. New vehicle technology and improved infrastructure will contribute to greater safety. It is very important to reduce gas emissions and noise. With the elimination of non-hybrid vehicles with internal combustion engines will contribute significantly to reducing our dependence on oil. Proper planning of the infrastructure is necessary for promoting public transport in major cities. Also, introducing alternative fuels into public traffic will contribute significantly to a better environment, which is extremely important.
Secondary keywords:	european transport policy;road transport;environmental protection;traffic safety;comparative analysis;logistics;
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Bachelor thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za logistiko
Pages:	VII, 65 f., [1] f. pril.
ID:	8730758