magistrsko delo
Tjaša Poplatnik (Author), Hojka Gregorič Kumperščak (Mentor), Vita Poštuvan (Co-mentor)

Abstract

Motnje hranjenja so povezane z odnosom posameznika do hrane, s percepcijo do lastnega telesa, s samospoštovanjem, z odnosi v družini in z vplivi iz socialnega okolja. Terapija pri zdravljenju bolnikov s tovrstno motnjo je običajno kombinirana iz različnih psihoterapevtskih pristopov. Pri terapevtskem delu z bolniki z motnjami hranjenja smo se v raziskavi osredotočili na kognitivno-vedenjsko terapijo. Bolj specifično nas je zanimala uporaba in pogostost kognitivno-vedenjskih tehnik pri tovrstnih bolnikih. V delu smo se omejili na specifične motnje hranjenja, in sicer na anoreksijo nervozo in bulimijo nervozo. Pri raziskovanju smo uporabili kvalitativno in kvantitativno metodo. Intervju je zajemal več področij. V središču so bila štiri področja: lastnosti terapevta, kognitivno-vedenjske tehnike pri zdravljenju bolnikov z motnjami hranjenja, priprave terapevta na terapevtsko delo in podpora terapevta pri opravljanju terapevtskega dela. Intervju smo opravili s tremi terapevti s področja klinične psihologije. Posamezen intervju je v povprečju trajal 32 minut in 55 sekund. S pomočjo izsledkov iz intervjujev, literature in po konzultacijah z eksperti smo sestavili spletni vprašalnik. Slednji je sestavljen iz zgoraj omenjenih štirih področij, s poudarkom na kognitivno-vedenjskih tehnikah pri specifičnih motnjah hranjenja. Vzorec sestavlja 100 terapevtov (83 % žensk) iz različnih psihoterapevtskih šol. Reševanje spletnega vprašalnika je v povprečju trajalo 12 minut in 23 sekund. Rezultati so pokazali zanesljivost in veljavnost spletnega vprašalnika, natančneje za merjenje testnega dosežka na postavkah, katerih vsebina vključuje lastnosti terapevtov, uporabo kognitivno-vedenjskih tehnik pri zdravljenju bolnikov z motnjami hranjenja in vrsto priprave terapevta na terapevtsko delo. Na podlagi primerjav povprečnih ocen postavk, ki smo jih dobili iz rezultatov dveh testnih situacij na štirih omenjenih področij, smo preverjali podobnosti in razlike med realnim in idealnim terapevtom. Slednja smo poimenovali glede na vidik ocenjevanja terapevta vsebine postavk na spletnem vprašalniku. Prva testna situacija zahteva samoocenjevanje terapevtov, zato smo predpostavili, da podobo realnega terapevta predstavljajo rezultati na vseh področjih spletnega vprašalnika pod prvim stolpcem. V drugi testni situaciji so udeleženci-terapevti ocenjevali vsebino postavk tako, da so zavzeli pozicijo distanciranega ocenjevalca in podali ocene, ki so se navezovale na terapevte na splošno, zato smo predpostavili, da podobo idealnega terapevta prikazujejo rezultati na vseh področjih spletnega vprašalnika pod drugim stolpcem. Ugotovili smo, da obstaja na vseh štirih področjih spletnega vprašalnika manjša, a statistično pomembna diskrepanca v ocenjevanju vsebine postavk med realnim in idealnim terapevtom, pri čemer je v osnovi realen terapevt enak idealnemu terapevtu. V nadaljevanju smo z metodo klastrske analize vzorec razdelili na tri skupine. Poimenovali smo jih kognitivno-vedenjska skupina, mešana in analitična (psihodinamska) skupina ter nadgradili razdelitev na skupine z ozirom na statistično pomembne razlike rezultatov na posameznih področjih spletnega vprašalnika. Pomembnejši izsledki raziskave so, da ne obstajajo razlike v empatiji med terapevti, ki izhajajo iz različnih psihoterapevtskih šol, da je Sokratova metoda najpogosteje uporabljena kognitivno-vedenjska tehnika pri zdravljenju bolnikov z motnjami hranjenja, da se samoocena terapevtove empatije ne povezuje s pogostostjo supervizije kot vrsto priprave terapevta na terapevtsko delo z bolniki z motnjami hranjenja ter da se pogostost supervizije kot vrste priprave na terapevtsko delo z bolniki z motnjami hranjenja ne povezuje z leti delovnih izkušenj terapevta.

Keywords

kognitivno-vedenjske tehnike;anoreksija nervoza;bulimija nervoza;lastnosti psihoterapevtov;terapije;priprava;podpora;magistrska dela;

Data

Language: Slovenian
Year of publishing:
Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization: UM FF - Faculty of Arts
Publisher: [T. Poplatnik]
UDC: 615.851(043.2)
COBISS: 21456904 Link will open in a new window
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Downloads: 317
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Other data

Secondary language: English
Secondary title: Cognitive-behavioral techniques for specific eating disorders
Secondary abstract: Eating disorders are connected with the individual%s relation towards food, the perception of one%s body, self-respect, family relations and the influences of the social environment. When treating patients who have this type of disorder the therapy used is commonly a combination of different psychotherapeutic approaches. In the research we have focused on the cognitive behavioral therapy that is used with patients who suffer from eating disorders. More specifically, we were interested in the usage and frequency of the cognitive behavioral techniques with these patients. We focused on specific eating disorders these being anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. We used qualitative and quantitative methods of research. The interview included several areas, focusing more specifically on the following four: the therapist`s characteristics, the cognitive and behavioral techniques used when treating a patient with an eating disorder, the therapist`s preparations for his work and the therapist`s support in therapy. We conducted an interview with three therapists that are specialist in clinical psychology. Each interview lasted approximately 32 minutes and 55 seconds. With the help of the interview results, literature and after consulting with some experts, we have put together an online questionnaire. The questionnaire comprises of the four areas mentioned above and focuses on the cognitive behavioral techniques in specific eating disorders. The sample consists of 100 therapists (83 % of females) from various psychotherapeutic schools. Each questionnaire took about 12 minutes and 23 seconds. The results showed that the online questionnaire was reliable and valid. We measured the test results based on the variables in the questionnaire, where the content includes the therapist`s characteristics, the usage of cognitive and behavioral techniques when treating a patient with an eating disorder and the therapist`s type of preparation for his work. Based on the comparison of the average results of the variables from the two test situations in the areas mentioned above, we examined the similarities and the differences between the actual and the ideal therapist. The latter are named accordingly with the therapist`s evaluation of the content of the variables in the online questionnaire. The first test situation requires a self-evaluation of the therapists. Therefore, we assumed that the image of a real therapist is represented by the results, in all areas, in the first column of the online questionnaire. In the second test situation the therapists evaluated the content of each sentence. They put themselves in a position of a distanced evaluator and gave estimates that were linked to therapists in general. We can assume that the image of the ideal therapist is represented by the results, in all areas, in the second column of the online questionnaire. We discovered that there is, in all four areas of the online questionnaire, a small but statistically significant discrepancy in evaluating the content of the variables between the real and the ideal therapist; taking into account that they are basically the same. Using the cluster analysis we have divided the sample into three following groups: cognitive behavioral, mixed and analytical (psychodynamics) group. Furthermore, we divided these groups once more based on the statistically important differences of the results from the specific area of the online questionnaire.
Secondary keywords: cognitive-behavioral techniques;anorexia nervosa;bulimia nervosa;psychotherapist's characteristics;therapy;preparations;support;master theses;
URN: URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS): Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment: Univ. v Mariboru, Filozofska fak., Oddelek za psihologijo
Pages: IV, 126 f.
ID: 8731194