Neformalna ekonomija in kibernetska kriminaliteta

magistrsko delo

Matej Škufca (Author), Bojan Dobovšek (Mentor)

Abstract

V magistrski nalogi smo povzeli dve raziskavi, in sicer Neformalno ekonomijo in kibernetsko kriminaliteto na Kitajskem ter Poročilo Symantec glede neformalne ekonomije v kibernetskem svetu. Ugotovili smo, da je kibernetska kriminaliteta ustvarila neverjetno zrelo in samostojno neformalno ekonomijo, ki je sestavljena iz štirih delov, ki se medsebojno povezujejo in dopolnjujejo. Cene in ponudbe se prilagajajo glede na povpraševanje in kvaliteto dobrine ali storitve. Kupec se lahko na podlagi vzorcev odloči, ali mu storitev oziroma dobrina ustreza ali ne. Najpogosteje se trguje z informacijami o kreditnih karticah ter s finančnimi računi. Neformalna ekonomija se na svetovnem spletu največkrat nahaja na spletnih forumih ter na IRC-strežnikih. Delovati mora na javnih mestih, saj lahko samo tako privablja nove člane ter potencialne kupce. Ker pa je na ta način tudi na očeh organov pregona, mora večkrat spreminjati lokacije ter biti pazljiva pri sprejemanju novih članov. Glavni motiv članov kibernetske kriminalitete je dobiček, gre za ljudi različnih znanj in poklicev. Nekateri sodelujejo zgolj zaradi dodatnega zaslužka, medtem ko je za druge to način preživetja, to je seveda odvisno od splošnega stanja v državi ter od zaposlitvenih možnosti. Plačila za dobrine in storitve na »podzemnih« strežnikih se najpogosteje opravijo po elektronski poti. Načinov plačila je več, najpogosteje pa je uporabljeno plačevanje s pomočjo spletnih valut, ki so na voljo po celem svetu, plačila so nepovratna, takojšnja, stroške transakcije pa nosi prodajalec. Drugi najpogostejši način plačila na »podzemnih« strežnikih pa je menjava dobrin ali storitev. Osredotočili smo se tudi na zakonodajo. Povzeli smo Zakon o zaposlovanju in delu na črno ter Konvencijo o kibernetski kriminaliteti, ki je bila sprejeta konec leta 2001. Bistvo konvencije je poenotenje zakonodaje med državami podpisnicami ter ustanovitev mednarodne mreže, ki omogoča sodelovanje in pomoč med državami. Mednarodna mreža mora delovati neprekinjeno, saj se storilci kaznivih dejanj kibernetske kriminalitete ne držijo ustaljenih delovnih urnikov, ampak delujejo ob kateremkoli času na katerem koli mestu. Na koncu smo še povzeli sklepne misli ter odgovorili na hipoteze, ki smo si jih postavili na začetku.

Keywords

neformalna ekonomija;delo na črno;kibernetska kriminaliteta;spletni forumi;preprečevanje;magistrska dela;

Data

Language:	Slovenian
Year of publishing:	2015
Typology:	2.09 - Master's Thesis
Organization:	UM FVV - Faculty of Criminal Justice
Publisher:	M. Škufca]
UDC:	343.37+343.3/.7:004(043.2)
COBISS:	2933226
Views:	1136
Downloads:	137
Average score:	0 (0 votes)
Metadata:

Other data

Secondary language:	English
Secondary abstract:	In the master's thesis we summarized two researches – Informal economy and cyber crime in China and the Symantec report on informal economy in cyber space. We found that cyber crime established an unbelievably mature and independent informal crime, consisting of four parts that interconnect and complement each other. Prices and offers are adapting according to the demand and quality of the product or service. The customer can based on samples decide, whether the service or product suits him or not. It is mostly being traded with credit cards and financial accounts. Informal economy on the web is mostly taking place on web forums and IRC servers. It has to operate in public places, since it this way invites new members and potential customers. Because it is always in front of the eyes of the authorities, it needs to frequently change its location and be careful in accepting new members. The main motive of the members of cyber crime is profit; these are people with different knowledge and occupations. Some participate only because of additional profit, but for some of them this is a way of living; depends on the general welfare of the county and employment possibilities. Payments for products and services on underground servers mostly take place over the internet. There are more payment types, but most frequently they pay with the help of online currencies, available over the whole world; the payments cannot be returned, are immediate and the costs are paid by the seller. The second most popular payment type on underground servers is trading of products or services. We also focused on the legislation. We summarized the Prevention of Undeclared Work and Employment Act and the Cybercrime convention of 2001. The essence of the convention is the unification of the legislation among signatory states and the establishment of an international network that enables cooperation and help among the countries. The international network has to operate continuously, since cybercrime offenders are never hanging on to routine work schedules, but are operating at any time, at any place. Finally we summarized concluding thoughts and verified the hypotheses, set at the beginning.
URN:	URN:SI:UM:
Type (COBISS):	Master's thesis/paper
Thesis comment:	Univ. v Mariboru, Fak. za varnostne vede, Ljubljana
Pages:	61 str.
ID:	8738797